As many as were ordained to eternal life believed, but they were not FORCED Acts 13:48


ArkenAnd when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord: and as many as were ordained to eternal life believed (Acts 13:48)

This verse alone  doesn’t mention the criteria for God’s choice to ordain individuals, unlike many other verses which clarify that it’s our FAITH that is the criteria – which is something that is requested from us. Neither does this verse suggest that God’s appointing is the CAUSE for people’s faith. IF God is the one who chooses who will believe, then he is also the one we should blame each time a person does NOT believe – because lack of faith wouldn’t be anyone’s fault but God’s. If people are not able to believe unless God makes them believe, then God is guilty of preventing people from believing, and also for being in the same team as the devil – who is overjoyed when people don’t believe in God.

The word “ordain” is a translation from the Greek verb tasso (Strong’s 5021) – and the middle voice of this word is tetagmenoi (it’s not necessary to view this word as a perfect passive participle) – and “includes no idea of preordination or predestination of any kind” according to Adam Clark (Commentary on Acts 13:48). The word simply means “disposed” (to set in position), and therefore the verse could be translated “as many as were disposed (or who set themselves in such a disposition)to eternal life believed”.  Their disposition to receive the gospel is contrasted with the disposition of the Jews just two verse before, and the Jews had chosen another path.

Acts 13:46Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles.

So those who judge themselves unworthy of everlasting life did not believe, but those who disposed themselves to eternal life believed, and whether they believed or not depended on whether their heart rejected or accepted the Gospel which was preached to them. Those who hardened their hearts did not believe, but those who softened their hearts did believe, and what made the difference was the disposition which they choose to have to the good tidings. If we won’t accept the offer of salvation, we are sending ourselves to hell and that is of course a very bad choice. God himself doesn’t want anyone to perish and he would like that we ALL should repent. This is the same story that we can read in Romans 1 and in the rest of the Bible.

Below we can read about a sorcerer who WITHSTOOD Paul and Barnabas and who apparently perverted the right ways of the Lord. With other words; God’s will doesn’t always happen.  

Acts 13:8But Elyma the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith. 9Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,) filled with the Holy Ghost, set his eyes on him. 10And said, O full of all subtilty and all mischief, thou child of the devil, thou enemy of all righteousness, wilt thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord?— 12Then the deputy, when he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord.

What would have happened if Paul and Barnabas would not be present to prevent the sorcerer from perverting God’s ways? Paul’s statements make is sound like this wasn’t the first time this sorcerer had perverted the right ways of the Lord. We can also read that the deputy started to believe due to what he saw. If men are elected to believe before the creation of the world, why did the deputy’s faith coincide with what he heard and saw? The Bible says faith comes from hearing the Word of God and we are expected to believe – particularly if we can see God’s works in actions.

Joh. 14:11Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe me for the very works’ sake.

We can read that the Word is sent to men and brethren, children of the stock of Abraham., and we can read that the Word is sent to “WHOSOEVER among you feareth God”. To fear is something we do and if God would have chosen a lucky few to believe in him, wouldn’t we rather be reading something like “And God will make sure he places godly fear in you so that you can believe”?

Acts 13:26Men and brethren, children of the stock of Abraham, and whosoever among you feareth God, to you is the word of this salvation sent.

GLAD TIDINGS are declared “unto you” and why would not “you” be those mentioned in the verse above and in the rest of verses in the same chapter?

Acts 13:32And we declare unto you glad tidings, how that the promise which was made unto the fathers33God hath fulfilled the same unto us their children, in that he hath raised up Jesus again; as it is also written in the second psalm, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee.

Paul continues to address “men and brethren” and that the forgiveness of sins is preached unto them. We can also read that “ALL THAT BELIEVE are justified from all things”. This is an offer to all who believe. We are also warned “BEWARE THEREFORE, lest that come UPON YOU, which is spoken of in the prophets”. So even if Paul is making a wonderful promise to his listeners, there is also a condition for this promise because the risk is always that we can fall away if we don’t walk in the light:

Acts 13:38Be it known unto you therefore, men and brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins:39And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses. 40Beware therefore, lest that come upon you, which is spoken of in the prophets;

Paul is telling us about despisers, who are those that perish. Does God want people to despise Him and to NOT believe in Him? No of course God wouldn’t want anyone to reject him or rebel against Him.  Moreover, we can read about further warnings from Paul and Barnabas who persuaded people to CONTINUE in the grace of God, which is not so certain they will:

Acts 13:41Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish: for I work a work in your days, a work which ye shall in no wise believe, though a man declare it unto you.—43Now when the congregation was broken up, many of the Jews and religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas: who, speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God.

Here again we can read that salvation is offered also to the gentiles and unto the ends of the earth. Not just a limited amount of people:

Acts 13:47For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.

Comments from various Bible scholars/teachers

The phrase “as many as were ordained to eternal life believed “can be compared with a statement such as “As many as were set for the test passed it”.  Friberg’s lexicon suggests it could mean “as many as had become disposed toward eternal life” , and Max Zerwick  “who had been set (in the way)” in Zerwick and Grosvenor’s  A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament. The NT lexicon BDAG suggests it means “to put in place”, and Henry Alford suggests it means “as many as were disposed” in  The Greek Testament. Thayer’s and Strong’s defines “τάσσω” as determined or disposed and not predetermined or predisposed.  Also John Wesley agrees with this idea.

Adam Clarke:calvinism2

“Acts 13:48: As many as were ordained to eternal life believed – This text has been most pitifully misunderstood. Many suppose that it simply means that those in that assembly who were fore-ordained; or predestinated by God’s decree, to eternal life, believed under the influence of that decree. Now, we should be careful to examine what a word means, before we attempt to fix its meaning. Whatever τεταγμενοι may mean, which is the word we translate ordained, it is neither προτεταγμενοι nor προορισμενοι which the apostle uses, but simply τεταγμενοι, which includes no idea of pre-ordination or pre-destination of any kind. And if it even did, it would be rather hazardous to say that all those who believed at this time were such as actually persevered unto the end, and were saved unto eternal life. But, leaving all these precarious matters, what does the word τεταγμενος mean? The verb ταττω or τασσω signifies to place, set, order, appoint, dispose; hence it has been considered here as implying the disposition or readiness of mind of several persons in the congregation, such as the religious proselytes mentioned Acts 13:43, who possessed the reverse of the disposition of those Jews who spake against those things, contradicting and blaspheming, Acts 13:45. Though the word in this place has been variously translated, yet, of all the meanings ever put on it, none agrees worse with its nature and known signification than that which represents it as intending those who were predestinated to eternal life: this is no meaning of the term, and should never be applied to it. Let us, without prejudice, consider the scope of the place: the Jews contradicted and blasphemed; the religious proselytes heard attentively, and received the word of life: the one party were utterly indisposed, through their own stubbornness, to receive the Gospel; the others, destitute of prejudice and prepossession, were glad to hear that, in the order of God, the Gentiles were included in the covenant of salvation through Christ Jesus; they, therefore, in this good state and order of mind, believed. Those who seek for the plain meaning of the word will find it here: those who wish to make out a sense, not from the Greek word, its use among the best Greek writers, and the obvious sense of the evangelist, but from their own creed, may continue to puzzle themselves and others; kindle their own fire, compass themselves with sparks, and walk in the light of their own fire, and of the sparks which they have kindled; and, in consequence, lie down in sorrow, having bidden adieu to the true meaning of a passage so very simple, taken in its connection, that one must wonder how it ever came to be misunderstood and misapplied. Those who wish to see more on this verse may consult Hammond, Whitby, Schoettgen, Rosenmuller, Pearce, Sir Norton Knatchbull, and Dodd.”

Be ye therefore PERFECT, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect Matt.5:48

Be ye therefore PERFECT, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect (Matt. 5:48)

The Greek definition of  “perfect” is teleios.

Definition: perfect, (a) complete in all its parts, (b) full grown, of full age, (c) specially of the completeness of Christian character.

We are told to be perfect as our Father in heaven is perfect and that means we CAN since we can trust the word of Jesus. It doesn’t say that God can be perfect for us, or that we should only STRIVE to be perfect but we are told to BE perfect. So to start off  it’s clear that we CAN become perfect but the question is what that means? Evidently it could not mean to have lived a completely sinless life, because Jesus told people who have sinned to be perfect, and they of course couldn’t be required to change their past in order to obey Jesus. The best way to find the meaning of to “be prefect” is to find similar examples of the same word in Greek – see below. When we are cleansed from our sins in the blood of Jesus we are indeed perfect and complete. God looks at us as though we have never sinned and we ARE free of sins thanks to being forgiven. But this does not mean that we are still fine even if we would continue to get filthy, because that will only get us dirty once more and again in need of cleansing. If we live in sin, we are neither perfect or complete. So a christian who sins is not perfect, but a christian who is cleansed and walk in the light is perfect. God doesn’t ask for anything impossible from us. Can we be as merciful as our Father is merciful?  Jesus says we can, and Zacharias and Elisabeth are examples of this:

Luke 6:35But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the evil.36Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful.

Luke 1:There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth.And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.

If you don’t believe we can be either perfect or merciful as our Father, what other verses don’t you trust in the Bible?  Can we argue that the the following commands are impossible to obey?

Luke 17:4 And if he trespass against thee seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn again to thee, saying, I repent; thou shalt forgive him.

Matt. 28:19Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost

The OT shows that people can be perfect as well (read my post about numerous righteous people who lived in the OT):

1 Ki 11:4 For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his wives turned away his heart after other gods: and his heart was not PERFECT with the LORD his God, AS WAS THE HEART OF DAVID his father. 

Examples of verses where “teleios” is used:

1 John 4:18There is no fear in love; but PERFECT love casteth out fear: because fear hath torment. He that feareth is not made PERFECT in love.

1 Corinthians 14:20Brethren, be not children in understanding: howbeit in malice be ye children, but in understanding be men.

Philippians 3: 15Let us therefore, as many as be PERFECT, be thus minded: and if in any thing ye be otherwise minded, God shall reveal even this unto you. 16Nevertheless, whereto we have already attained, let us walk by the same rule, let us mind the same thing.

Colossians 4:12Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ, saluteth you, always labouring fervently for you in prayers, that ye may stand PERFECT and complete in all the will of God.

James 1:4 Let endurance have its PERFECT work, that you may be PERFECT and complete, lacking in nothing.

1 Corinthians 2:6Howbeit we speak wisdom among them that are PERFECT: yet not the wisdom of this world, nor of the princes of this world, that come to nought

Romans 12:2 Don’t be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what is the good, well-pleasing, and PERFECT will of God.

1 Corinthians 13:10But when that which is PERFECT is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.

Ephesians 4:13Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a PERFECT man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:

Colossians 1:28 whom we proclaim, admonishing every man and teaching every man in all wisdom, that we may present every man PERFECT in Christ Jesus;

James 1:17Every good gift and every PERFECT gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.

James 1:25But whoso looketh into the PERFECT law of liberty, and continueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed.

Matthew 19:21 Jesus said to him, “If you want to be PERFECT, go, sell what you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.”

James 3:2 For in many things we all stumble. If anyone doesn’t stumble in word, the same is a PERFECT man, able to bridle the whole body also.

Hebrews 9:11 But Christ having come as a high priest of the coming good things, through the greater and more PERFECT tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation,

Hebrews 5:14But strong meat belongeth to them that are of FULL AGE, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.

Examples of people who were perfect in the Old Testament

Gen. 6:These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God.

1 Kings. 15:14 But the high places were not removed: nevertheless Asa’s heart was perfect with the Lord all his days.

Job 1:And the Lord said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil?

2 Kings 23:25 And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the Lord with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him.

Hebrews 11:5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.

Jesus paid a high price as a sin offering for us, but he did not PAY for our SINS

In the parable in Matthew 18:23–35, we can see that the servant who had a debt (sin) to the King was LOOSED and FORGIVEN for it. The debt was REMOVED. TAKEN AWAY. No one offered to pay the debt for this servant but it was simply ERASED due to his pleadings. However, when the same servant later refused to forgive another person, then the same debt was back on the table yet again! Had the debt been paid for originally, then the King couldn’t request for yet another payment of a debt which is already paid and settled, regardless of any bad  behavior of the guilty servant. But we know that when we ask for forgiveness and repent, it’s our PAST sins that are forgiven and removed. Not our FUTURE sins. If Jesus had PAID for all our sins on the cross, then we would be BORN forgiven and saved. If we would sin, we could always suggest that we’re still safe since Jesus has already PAID for our transgressions, and this means we don’t have to. We could also suggest that we can actually serve two masters and still be saved, because our sins are already forgiven. We would actually be off the hook and free from punishment no matter what we did. Clearly this is not the true scenario. This is the parable:

Matt 18:23Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would take account of his servants. 24And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, which owed him ten thousand talents. 25But forasmuch as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to be made. 26The servant therefore fell down, and worshipped him, saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. 27Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and LOOSED him, and FORGAVE him the debt. 28But the same servant went out, and found one of his fellowservants, which owed him an hundred pence: and he laid hands on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that thou owest. 29And his fellowservant fell down at his feet, and besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. 30And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay the debt. 31So when his fellowservants saw what was done, they were very sorry, and came and told unto their lord all that was done. 32Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me: 33Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee? 34And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him. 35So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses.

When it comes to the animal sacrifice system in the OT, there are no verses which say anything close to “sins were transferred to the animal”. Was the animal sacrificed OR punished? The animal certainly suffered and died as a result of the sin of man, but never did the animal become posessed by sin and die for those sins. This would imply guilt and that the animal was being punished for sins it did not commit. In the same way Jesus suffered and died because of man’s sin. He did not die because sin was transferred to Him, otherwise it would not be an adequate sacrifice. Rather than being an offering for sin and suffering an unjust death, he would have been punished for our sin which we know was not the case since He was without sin.

2 Cor. 5:21 For he hath made him [to be] sin for us, who knew no sin

Hebrews 10:8 — saying above, Sacrifices and offerings and whole burnt offerings and [sacrifices] for sin thou wouldst not, neither hadst pleasure therein.

It is not uncommon to the Scriptures to use the word “sin” to refer to a “sin offering” as the word “sin” is translated “sin offering” in numerous places throughout Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Chronicles, Nehemiah, and Ezekiel, because the context of such passages is clearly referring to a sin offering and not an act of sin. In Leviticus alone, it is rightly translated as sin-offering over 50 times! The same is true in Hebrews 10:6-8 which is a quotation from Psalm 40:6. In the Psalm, the Septuagint also does not have the word “sacrifice” in the text. Albert Barnes said To be sin – The words “to be” are not in the original. Literally, it is, “he has made him sin, or a sin-offering”Even a footnote in the ASV gives sin-sacrifice as the meaning, as do other translations. This view of the atonement, that Christ suffered our penalty and took our punishment, has inevitably lead to the errors of universalism, limited atonement, unconditional salvation, and once saved always saved. These conclusions cannot be logically denied if the premise is accepted that Jesus Christ took our punishment or suffered the penalty for our sins.

Gal. 3:13Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree

What is the curse of the law? Did the law of God ever demand for sinners to be crucified? No. In the civil government of Israel, the severest punishment of the law was stoning. Crucifixion was sanctioned by Roman law, but it was not sanctioned by Jewish law. Under the moral government of God, the severe punishment of the law is eternal hell. That is why the text says that Jesus suffer “a curse” not sufferedthe curse of the law”. The curse of the law is what we are saved FROM; a curse is what he ENDURED. The curse of the law was SUBSTITUTED with a curse.”

Jesus Christ shed his blood “for the remission of sins” (Matt. 26:28), but the Bible says that even after the atonement that sinners must still repent “for the remission of sins” (Acts 2:38)

Jesus died to reconcile God and man (Rom. 5:10; Col. 1:21) but after the atonement we have the “ministry of reconciliation” (2 Cor. 5:18) and after the atonement we are to tell men “be ye reconciled unto God“(2 Cor. 5:20)

If Christ bore the sinner’s punishment as a Substitute, then the sinner is unconditionally free from it, for both the sinner and the Substitute cannot be justly punished for the same offence. The theory, therefore, leads necessarily to either universalism on the one hand, or unconditional election on the other. The truth is though that Jesus died on my behalf but did not take MY place on the cross.

The animal for a sin-offering had to be absolutely pure, without a blemish, all of which Jesus was. For Him to have become “sin” in the sense of disobedience to God, He would have become a blemished sacrifice. The priests making an offering under the Law also had to be as spotless as the sacrifice they offered. Just so, Jesus as High Priest was “holy, guileless, undefiled, separated from sinners, and made higher than the heaven … when he offered up himself,” Hebrews 7:26-27. Leviticus 16:22 says the scapegoat will “bear … unto a land” the sins of the people. This was figurative, meaning to “take away” sins, remove sins as is the likely definition of “azazel.” The scapegoat symbolized the removal of sins. This is exactly the meaning to be attached to Jesus’ “bearing our sins“.

Isaiah 53:4, 11-12.Surely he hath borne (nasa) our griefs, and carried (sabal) our sorrows … for he shall bear (sabal) their iniquities … and he bare (nasa) the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

Notice that the two words are used interchangeably.

Matthew 8:16-17And when even was come, they brought unto him many possessed with demons: and he cast out the spirits with a word, and healed all that were sick: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, and bare our diseases.

What Jesus performed in healing the physical diseases was the fulfillment of Isaiah 53:4, specifically that He bore (nasa) our griefs and carried (sabal) our sorrows. But, their diseases were not transferred to Jesus so that he then became a leper, demon possessed, blind, etc. Yet, he “bore” their diseases in fulfillment of Isaiah 53:4 and he took away their diseases! The Greek word for “bare” in Matthew 8:17 is bastazo, which is the inspired translation of nasa. Bastazo may mean to take up, to transport, to carry, to take away or to remove. In this figurative use, the emphasis is on the taking away, removal. The word for “took” in this passage is lambano. It’s obvious in Matthew 8:17 that bastazo and lambano are synonyms and mean to remove.

Matthew 3:11 I indeed baptize you in water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear (bastazo).

Seeing that the Holy Spirit gives us the meaning of nasa and sabal in Isaiah 53:4, why should we understand these words to mean any differently in Isaiah 53:11-12 when it says He “bare their iniquities” or “bare the sins of many?” This only tells us that He “took away” the sins and iniquities, not that the sins and iniquities were transferred to him or imputed to him.

 Hebrews 9:26 …else must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once at the end of the ages hath he been manifested to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself … so Christ also, having been once offered to bear the sins of many, shall appear a second time, apart from sin, to them that wait for him, unto salvation,” , 28.

Verse 28 repeats the subject of verse 26 with a slight change of words. “Put away” in verse 26 becomes “bear” in verse 28. “Sacrifice” in verse 26, becomes “offered” in verse 28. Jesus bore our sins in that He took them away.

I Peter 2:24″—who his own self bare (anaphero) our sins in his body upon the tree, that we, having died unto sins, might live unto righteousness; by whose stripes ye were healed.

In this passage, the “cross” replaces the altar as the place of sacrifice. The body of Jesus was offered up on an altar, an offering to God. The last sentein the Septuagint by anaphero. He “shall bear (sabal/anaphero) their iniquities” and “he bare (nasa/anaphero) the sin of many”. We have seen the meaning of nasa and sabal to be to take away. The same is true in an offering up of a sacrifice.

Isaiah 53:6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on (paga) him the iniquity of us all

Paga is found in Isaiah 53:12 “made intercession for the transgressors”. So, even in the context of verse 6, the same verb is used to mean “intercession.” The Hebrew scholars who translated Isaiah 53:6 into Greek “and the Lord gave him up for our sins”. The verb paredoken, from paradidomi, means to deliver up or intercede. Paradidomi is in the following two N.T. passages,

Romans 8:32 He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not also with him freely give us all things?

John 1:29 On the morrow he seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold, the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world! 

 I Peter 2:24…who his own self bare (removed) our own sins in his body upon the tree

The fact that Jesus “bore” our sins and iniquities does not mean our sins, guilt and punishment were transferred (imputed) to him. His death actually occurred but the terms used to describe what it accomplished are used figuratively.

1 Cor. 7:23 Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.

Jesus indeed paid a high price for us because he gave up his LIFE for us! The price he bought us with was his life. It doesn’t say we are purchased unconditionally though. In the same breath Paul tells us to NOT be servants of men. What would happen if we disobeyed him and became servants of men (as in living for people instead of God)?

Partly from Jesse Morell and Mike DeSario

A list of reasons why calvinism is not what is taught in the Bible

Biblical reasons why Calvinism is not Biblical Christianity

Thanks to Stephen Thomas for this list!

1. “For the Grace of God that bringeth Salvation hath appeared to ALL MEN” [Titus 2:11]

2. “And ye know that he was manifested to take away our sins; and in him is no sin… He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil.” [1 John 3:5-8]

3. “I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live” [Deuteronomy 30]

4. “But if they had stood in my counsel, and had caused my people to hear my words, then they should have turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their doings.” [Jeremiah 23:22]

5. “O Jerusalem, wash thine heart from wickedness, that thou mayest be saved. How long shall thy vain thoughts lodge within thee?” [Jeremiah 4:14]

6. “They that observe lying vanities forsake their own mercy” [Jonah]

7. “[Christ] was the true Light, which lights EVERY man that comes into the world.” [John 1:9]

8. “Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.” [Acts 7:51]

9. “Having damnation, because they have cast off their first faith.” [1 Tim 5:12]

10. “…’Sirs, what must I do to be saved?’ And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved..” [Acts 16]

11. “And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for our’s only, but also for the sins of the whole world.” [1 John 2:2]

12. “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.” [John 3:16]

13. “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often WOULD I HAVE gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and YE WOULD NOT [you were not willing]!” [Luke 13] (exclamation mark in the text.) 

14. “Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin. Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby you have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will you die, O house of Israel? For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dies, says the Lord GOD: wherefore turn yourselves, and live.” [Ezekiel 18]

15. “The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance..” [2 Peter 3:9]

16. “God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not imputing their trespasses to them, and has committed to us the word of reconciliation. Now then, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though GOD WERE PLEADING through us: we implore you on Christ’s behalf, BE RECONCILED TO GOD.” [2 Cor 5:19]

17. “Because that which may be known of GOD IS MANIFEST IN THEM; for God has showed it unto them. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Because that, when THEY KNEW GOD, they glorified him not as God…” [Romans 1]

18. “[God] has made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation; That they should seek the Lord, [in the hope that] they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from EVERY ONE OF US: For in him we live, and move, and have our being… For we are also his offspring…now commandeth all men every where to repent. ” [Acts 17] [spoken to a city full of pagan heathens]

19. “And whatsoever we ask, we receive of him, BECAUSE we keep his commandments, and do those things that are pleasing in his sight.” [1 Jn 3:2]

20. “God; Who will render to every man according to his deeds: To them who by patient continuance in WELL-DOING seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life...” [Rom 2:6]

21. “brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure: for IF YE DO these things, ye shall never fall: For so an entrance shall be ministered unto you abundantly into the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.” [2 Peter 1:9]

22. “And if you will not be reformed by me by these things, but will walk *contrary* unto me [resisting the Spirit of Grace (as per Hebrews 10:29 / Acts 7:51)]; Then will I also walk contrary unto you.. And if you will not for all this hearken unto me, but walk contrary unto me; Then I will walk contrary unto you… if then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they then accept of the punishment of their iniquity: Then will I remember my covenant with Jacob, ” [Lev 26]

23. “Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: (For that RIGHTEOUS MAN dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his RIGHTEOUS SOUL from day to day with their unlawful deeds;) The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the unjust unto the day of judgment to be punished.” [2 Peter 2:7]

24. “Though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by THEIR RIGHTEOUSNESS, saith the Lord GOD.” [Ezekiel 14:14]

25. “And [Jesus] marvelled because of their unbelief” [Mark 6:6]

26. “Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons: But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.” [Acts 10:24]

27. “Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man:” [James 1:13]

28. “Repent therefore of this thy wickedness, and pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee. For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness” [Acts 8]

29. “And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw ALL MEN unto me. This [Jesus] said, signifying what death he should die.” [John 12:32]

30. “And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, between me and my vineyard. What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? [Why] then, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?…” [Isaiah 5]

31. “But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour. If a man therefore PURGE HIMSELF from these [sins], he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and [useful] for the master, and prepared unto every good work.” [2 Tim 2:20]

32. “Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, ..to KEEP HIMSELF unspotted from the world.” [Jas 1:27]

33. “But let every man prove[test/examine] HIS OWN WORK, and then shall he have REJOICING IN HIMSELF alone, and not in another.” [Gal 6:4]

34. “He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But *as many as received him*, to them gave he power to BECOME the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name:” [John 1:12] (i.e. receive Christ, THEN become a son of God by regeneration.)

35. “brethren, we urge and exhort in the Lord Jesus that you should abound more and more, just as you received from us how you OUGHT to walk and to PLEASE GOD.. Therefore he who rejects this does not REJECT man, but GOD, who has also given us His Holy Spirit”. [1 Thess 4]

36. Seek ye the LORD while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near: Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts: and let him return unto the LORD [Man’s initiative / responsibility], and he will have mercy upon him; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. [God’s response]” [Isaiah 55:6-7]

37. “Enoch…had this testimony, that he pleased God. But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.” [Hebrews 11:5-6]

38. “he that hath suffered in the flesh hath ceased from sin; That he no longer should live the rest of his time in the flesh to the 1.) lusts of men, but to the 2.) will of God. For the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the 1.) will of the Gentiles, when we walked in lasciviousness, lusts, excess of wine, revellings, banquetings, and abominable idolatries…” [1 Peter 4:2-3]

39. “For all that is 1.) in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is NOT OF THE FATHER, but is of the world. And the world passeth away, and the lust thereof: but he that doeth 2.) THE WILL OF GOD abideth for ever.” [1 John 2:16-17]

40. “When the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive. Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.” [Ezekiel 18:27]

41. “For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour; Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth.” [1 Tim 2:3]

42. “Bless, LORD, his substance, and accept the work of his hands; smite through the loins of them that rise against him, and of them that hate him, that they rise not again.” [Deut 33:!1]

43. “The works of his hands are verity and judgment; all his commandments are sure. They stand fast for ever and ever, and are done in truth and uprightness.” [Psalm 111:7]

44. “How long shall I bear with this evil congregation, which murmur against me?” [Numbers 14:27]

45. “And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation” [2 Peter 3:15]

46. “Jesus answered and said, O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you? how long shall I suffer you? ” [Matt 17:17]

47. “Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah” [1 Peter 3:20]

48. “and they sent forth Barnabas, that he should go as far as Antioch. Who, when he came, and had seen the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord. For he was a good man…” [Acts 11:22]

49. “Then said one unto him, Lord, are there few that be saved? And he said unto them, **Strive to enter in** at the strait gate: for many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able.” [Luke 13:23-24] [Strive = Agōnizesthe = Struggle with antagonistic difficulties and dangers, Agonise, Endeavour with strenuous zeal, labour, contend earnestly (as in an athletic contest, or warfare

50. “Then hear thou in heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, condemning the wicked, to bring his way upon his head; and justifying the righteous, to give him according to HIS righteousness.” [1 Kings 8:32]

51. “Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.” [Hebrews 11:5] 

52. “Seest thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect? And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God. Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only. Likewise also was not Rahab the harlot justified by works, when she had received the messengers” [James 2:”2]

53. “Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God.” [Genesis 6:9] 

54. “just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: (For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds;) The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations” [2 Peter 2:7]

55. “as David thy father walked, in integrity of heart, and in uprightness, to do according to all that I have commanded thee, and wilt keep my statutes and my judgments:” [1 Kings 9:4]

56. “LORD rewarded me according to MY righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God. For all his judgments were before me: and as for his statutes, I did not depart from them. I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity. Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to MY righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight. With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful, and with the upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright. With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure..” [2 Samuel 22:21]

57. “There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil.” [Job 1:1] 

58. “Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins. My defence is of God, which saveth the upright in heart. God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day.” [Psalm 7:9]

59. “Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.” [Ecclesiastes 7:29]

60. “the stranger which flattereth with her words; Which forsaketh the guide of her youth, and *forgetteth the covenant of her God*. For her house inclineth unto death, and her paths unto the dead. None that go unto her return again, neither take they hold of the paths of life. That thou mayest walk in the way of *good men*, and keep the paths of *the righteous*. For *the upright* shall dwell in the land, and *the perfect* shall remain in it. But the wicked shall be cut off from the earth, and the transgressors shall be rooted out of it.” [Proverbs 2:16-22]

61. “That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments: And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God.” [Psalm 78]

62. “If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land: But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured...” [Isaiah 1:19]

63. ” Little children, let no man deceive you: he that doeth righteousness is righteous, even as he is righteous.” [1 John 3:7]

64. “Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof. Neither yield ye your members as instruments of unrighteousness unto sin: but yield yourselves unto God, as those that are alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness unto God..” [Romans 6:12]

65. “And Jesus answering said unto them, Suppose ye that these Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans, because they suffered such things? I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and slew them, think ye that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem? I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. He spake also this parable; A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard; and he came and sought fruit thereon, and found none. Then said he unto the dresser of his vineyard, Behold, these three years I come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none: cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground? And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it: And IF it bear fruit, well: and if not, then after that thou shalt cut it down.” [Luke 13:2-9] 

66. “It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the evil which I purpose to do unto them; that they may return every man from his evil way; that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin.” [Jer 36:3]

En PÅNYTTFÖDD kan förlora sin frälsning

“En gång frälst alltid frälst” stämmer inte alltid

Evigt liv får vi visserligen inte förrän vi verkligen stiger in i Guds rike, och Jesus varnade sina egna troende lärljungar att de måste hålla ut till änden för att bli frälsta, men vi kan ändå säga att vi gått från död till liv när vi blivit födda på nytt. Vi har ju blivit förlåtna och därför renade från våra synder och då blivit rättfärdiga och nya levande människor. (Vi är sedan rättfärdiga om vi lever rättfärdigt.) Att en sann kristen kan förlora sin plats i “vinträdet” är glasklart i Bibeln enligt Joh. 15. Om till och med Kung David – en man av Guds eget hjärta – kunde välja att leva i otrohet och mord i ca ett år (och självfallet var han inte frälst under det året) så ska vi inte tro att kristna som lever idag är helt befriade från risken att ge efter för frestelser och därmed synda. Djävulen är efter oss som ett rytande lejon för att hitta någon att förföra, men vi har ett löfte att vi kan stå emot OM vi håller oss till Jesus.

Joh 15:1Jag är det sanna vinträdet, och min Fader är vingårdsmannen. Var och en gren i mig, som inte bär frukt den tar han bort, och var och en, som bär frukt, den rensar han, för att den skall bära mer frukt. 3. Redan nu är ni rena på grund av det ord som jag har talat till er. 4. Förbli i mig, och jag i er. Såsom grenen inte kan bära frukt av sig själv, om den inte förblir i vinträdet, så kan inte heller ni det, OM ni inte förblir i mig. 5. Jag är vinträdet, ni är grenarna. Den som förblir i mig, och jag i honom, han bär mycket frukt. Ty utan mig kan ni ingenting göra. 6. Den (IF anyone KJV) som inte förblir i mig kastas ut såsom en gren och förtorkas, och man samlar ihop dem och kastar dem i elden, och de brinner. 7. OM ni förblir i mig, och mina ord förblir i er, så kan ni be om vad ni vill, och ni skall få det. 8. Min Fader blir förhärligad genom att ni bär mycket frukt och blir mina lärjungar. 9. Såsom Fadern har älskat mig, så har jag också älskat er. Förbli i min kärlek. 10. OM ni håller mina bud, förblir ni i min kärlek, så som jag har hållit min Faders bud och förblir i hans kärlek. 

Jesus talar till sina frälsta lärljungar och det han säger gäller även oss  liksom det mesta i NT). Jesus säger “redan nu är ni rena” till lärljungarna. Jesus uppmanar dem att FÖRBLI i honom för de kan inte bära frukt om de inte gör det. Jesus varnar de utvalda apostlarna att OM de inte förblir i honom så kommer de att tas bort utav Fadern och de kastas ut och förtorkas, vilket visar att de hade liv tidigare. De kastas sedan i elden där de brinner. Jesus säger “OM ni håller mina bud, så förblir ni i min kärlek” vilket är ett tydligt VILLKOR. Risken finns att kristna inte håller buden och därmed mister sin plats i Livets Bok.

Hebr 10:28. Den som bryter Mose lag måste dö utan barmhärtighet, efter två eller tre vittnesmål.29. Hur mycket hårdare straff tror ni då inte att den förtjänar som förtrampar Guds Son och håller för orent förbundets blod, genom vilket han är helgad, och som smädar nådens Ande? 

Upp 22:19. Och om någon tar bort något från jorden i denna profetias bok, så skall Gud ta bort hans del från livets bok och från den heliga staden och från det som är skrivet i denna bok. 

Upp 3:5. Den som vinner seger skall bli klädd i vita kläder, och jag skall inte stryka hans namn ur livets bok, och jag skall bekänna hans namn inför min Fader och inför hans änglar. 

2 Mos 32:33 Men HERREN svarade Mose: »Den som har syndat mot mig, honom skall jag utplåna ur min bok. Jeremia 15:6Du själv försköt mig, säger HERREN; du gick din väg bort. Därför uträckte jag mot dig min hand och fördärvade dig; jag hade tröttnat att förbarma mig. 7Ja, jag kastade dem med kastskovel vid landets portar, jag gjorde föräldrarna barnlösa, jag förgjorde mitt folk, då de ej ville vända om från sina vägar. 

Psaltaren 51:13 Förkasta mig icke från ditt ansikte, och tag icke din helige Ande ifrån mig. 

Matt 11:5. Blinda ser, halta går, spetälska blir rena och döva hör, döda står upp, och för de fattiga blir evangelium predikat, 6. och salig är den som inte tar anstöt (fall away on account of me KJV) av mig. 

1 Tim 4:1Men Anden säger uttryckligen att i de sista tiderna skall somliga avfalla från tron och hålla sig till villoandar och onda andars läror 

Rev 2:5 Tänk därför på varifrån du har fallit och omvänd* dig och gör de första gärningarna, annars skall jag snart komma till dig och flytta din ljusstake från dess plats, OM du inte omvänder dig. (sagt till en kristen kyrka)

Matt 24:12. Och därför att ondskan* tilltar, skall kärleken kallna hos många.13. Men den som står fast intill änden, han skall bli frälst. 

Hebr. 3:12. Se till bröder, att inte någon av er har ett ont otroshjärta, så att han AVFALLER från den levande Guden, 13. utan förmana varandra alla dagar så länge det heter i dag, för att ingen av er skall bli förhärdad genom syndens bedrägeri. 

1 Kor 15:1 Bröder, jag påminner er om det evangelium, som jag har förkunnat för er, vilket ni också har tagit emot och i vilket ni också står fast vid. 2. Genom vilket ni blir frälsta, om ni håller fast vid det ord som jag förkunnade för er, såvida ni inte har trott förgäves. 

2 Pet 2:15. De har övergivit den rätta vägen och gått vilse och följt efter Balaams, Bosors sons väg, som älskade orättfärdighetens lön,—18. De talar stora men tomma ord och lockar i lösaktighet med köttets begär tillbaka dem, som verkligen kommit undan deras villfarelser. 19. Och de lovar dem frihet, fast de själva är slavar under fördärvet. Ty det man besegrats av är man slav under. 20. För om de genom Herrens och Frälsarens Jesu Kristi kunskap har kommit undan världens orenheter, men sedanåter har låtit sig snärjas och besegras av dem, så har för dem det sista blivit värre än det första. 21. Ty det hade varit bättre för dem att inte ha lärt känna rättfärdighetens väg, än att lära känna den och sedan vända sig bort från det heliga bud, som har blivit överlämnat åt dem. 22. Det har gått dem som ordspråket så sant säger: En hund vänder åter till sina spyor, och ett tvättat svin vältrar sig åter i smutsen. 

Lukas 8:13. Och det som såddes på stengrunden, det är de som när de hör tar emot ordet med glädje, men de har ingen rot, de tror till en tid, men då frestelsen kommer avfaller de.

Matteus 10:22. Och ni skall bli hatade av alla, för mitt namns skull. Men den som står fast intill änden skall bli frälst. 

Jakob 5:19. Bröder, om någon bland er går vilse, bort från sanningen och någon omvänder honom, 20. så skall han veta, att den som omvänder en syndare från hans villoväg, frälser en själ från döden och skyler över mängd av synder. 

Psa. 125:5 5 Men dem som vika av på vrånga vägar, dem rycke HERREN bort tillika med ogärningsmännen. Frid vare över Israel! 

Upp 3:15. Jag vet om dina gärningar. Du är varken kall eller varm. O, att du vore kall eller varm.16. Men eftersom du är ljum och varken kall eller varm, skall jag spy ut dig ur min mun. 

2 John 1:9. Var och en som överträder och inte förblir i Kristi lära, han har inte Gud. Den som förblir i Kristi lära har både Fadern och Sonen. 

Judas 5. Men jag vill påminna er, fastän ni redan en gång fått veta, att då Herren hade fört ut folket ur Egypten, förgjorde han sedan dem som inte trodde. 

Hosea 9:15 All deras ondska är samlad i Gilgal; ja, där fick jag hat till dem. För deras onda väsendes skull vill jag driva dem ut ur mitt hus. Jag skall icke längre bevisa dem kärlek; alla deras styresmän äro ju upprorsmän. —17Ja, min Gud skall förkasta dem, eftersom de icke ville höra honom; de skola bliva flyktingar bland hedningarna. 

Matt 10:28. Och frukta inte för dem, som dödar kroppen, men inte har makt att döda själen, utan frukta mer honom som kan fördärva både själ och kropp i helvetet. (Jesus frälsta lärljungar var adresserade.) 

Matt 10:32. Därför, var och en som bekänner mig inför människorna, honom skall också jag bekänna inför min Fader,som är i himlen. 33. Men den som förnekar mig inför människorna, honom skall också jag förneka inför min Fader, som är i himlen. 

Upp 3:11. Se, jag kommer snart. Håll fast det du har, så att ingen tar din krona. 

2 Tim 2:12. Om vi uthärdar, så skall vi också regera med honom. Men förnekar vi honom, så skall även han förneka oss. 

The reformers and their uncivilized behavior against the anabaptists

Anabaptists required that baptismal candidates be able to make their own confessions of faith and so rejected baptism to infantsAs a result of re-baptism, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Protestants and Roman catholics.  The Anabaptists insisted upon the “free course” of the Holy Spirit in worship, yet still maintained it all must be judged according to the Scriptures. The Swiss Anabaptist document titled “Answer of Some Who Are Called (Ana-)Baptists – Why They Do Not Attend the Churches” shows one reason given for not attending the state churches was that these institutions forbade the congregation to exercise spiritual gifts according to “the Christian order as taught in the gospel or the Word of God in 1 Corinthians 14.”  Common Anabaptist beliefs and practices of the 16th century continue to influence modern Christianity:

Persecutions by Protestants. 343 och A Short History of the Inquisition. 344, 346

Article IX: Of Baptism. Of Baptism they teach that it is necessary to salvation, and that through Baptism is offered the grace of God, and that children are to be baptized who, being offered to God through Baptism are received into God’s grace. They condemn the Anabaptists, who reject the baptism of children.

August 7th, 1536, a synod was convened at Hamburg to devise the best means of exterminating the Anabaptists. Not one voice among all the delegates was raised in favor of the Anabaptists. Even Melancthon voted to put all those to death who should remain, obstinate in their errors. The ministers of Ulm demanded that heresy should be extinguished by fire and sword. Those of Augsburg said: “If we have not yet sent any Anabaptists to the gibbet, we have at least branded their cheeks with red iron!? 

The Reformed church also fiercely persecuted the Anabaptists. The Anabaptists rejected infant baptism, and advocated immersion as the only effective form of holy bathing. Shortly before the convening of the diet of Augsburg, in 1534, Rothmann, one of the leaders of the Anabaptists, had openly preached in the streets of that city. He had won the people, who cried out to his opponents, “Answer Rothmann, Catholics, Lutherans, Zwinglians!”Luther and his friends answered Rothmann in the old persecuting way. The Anabaptists were excluded from the diet, and Luther wrote to Melanchthon that they were “ravenous wolves,” who harried the sheep-fold of Christ and “should be banished.” At the same diet the consistent Luther demanded liberty of conscience, churches in which to worship, and the full rights of citizenship. He was the prototype of our Sabbatarians, who demand “religious liberty,” while asking that laws be enacted to deprive everybody but themselves of liberty on Sunday. August 7, 1536, a synod was convened at Hamburg to take measures for the suppression of the Anabaptists.

Delegates came from all the cities which had renounced Catholicism. Not one spoke for the Anabaptists. Even the “gentle Melanchthon” voted for death for all who should prove obstinate in their errors, or who should return from banishment. “The ministers of Ulm demanded that heresy should be extinguished by fire and sword. Those of Augsburg said: If we have not yet sent any Anabaptists to the gibbet, we have at least branded their cheeks with red iron. Those of Tubingen cried out: Mercy for the poor Anabaptists who are seduced by their leaders, death to the ministers of this sect. The chancellor showed himself much more tolerant. He wished that the Anabaptists should be imprisoned, where, by dint of hard usage, they might be converted” (Catrou, ut supra, liv. i., 224; Zudin, 464).

This decree was issued: “Whoever rejects infant baptism; whoever transgresses the orders of the magistrates; whoever preaches against taxes; whoever teaches the community of goods ; whoever usurps the priesthood; whoever holds unlawful assemblies; whosoever sins against faith, shall be punished with death. As for the simple people, who have not preached or administered baptism, but who were secduced to permit themselves to frequent the assemblies cf the heretics, if they do not wish to renounce Anabaptism, they shall be scourged, punished with perpetuc.1 exile, and even with death if they return three times to the place whence they have been expelled (see Catrou, Gastius, Menzel and Meshovius).

That same year Luther wrote to Philip, Landgrave of Hesse: “Whoever denies the doctrines of our faith aye, even one article which rests on the scripture, on the authority of the universal teaching of the church must be treated not only as a heretic, but also as a blasphemer of the holy name of God. It is not necessary to lose time in disputes with such people; they are to be condemned as impious blasphemers.”

In the same letter, referring to a man who had denied the “doctrine of our faith,” he advises this gentle treatment: “Drive him away as an apostle of hell; and if he does not flee, deliver him up as a seditious man to the executioner.” “It is true that many Anabaptists suffered death merely because they were judged to be incurable heretics, for in this century the error of limiting the administration of baptism to adult persons only, and the practice of baptizing such as had received that sacrament in a state of infancy were looked upon as most flagitious and intolerable heresies” (Mosheim). In Zurich there was a place of imprisonment called the “her etics tower.” Swiss Protestants would put Anabaptists in sacks and throw them into the Rhine, remarking “That they were merely baptizing them by their own favorite mode of immersion” (Menzel).

The Calvinists were as intolerant of the Lutherans as the latter were of the Anabaptists. In some parts of southern Germany the Calvinists had gained the ascen dency and they drove out the Lutheran “sons of the devil.” “More than a thousand Lutheran ministers were proscribed, with their wives and children, and reduced to beg the bread of charity” (Olearius).

In Switzerland Calvin ruled with an iron hand. Audin tells us that the lady who arranged her hair coquettishly was to be imprisoned, as also her chambermaid; the merchant who played cards was confined in a jail; no one could have in his possession a cross or any other symbol of the Catholic church; to sell wafers was a finable offense, and the merchant s stock would be burned as sacrilegious; if a man kept his hat on at the approach of Calvin he was fined; if he contradicted Calvin he could be brought before the consistory and threat ened with excommunication; all must eat meat on Friday, because Catholics had conscientious scruples against doing so; the penalty of disobedience was three days imprisonment.

In one instance a father was imprisoned for four days because he preferred a certain name for his child and the minister preferred another. For having “proposed an opinion false and contrary to the evangelical religion,” Jerome Bolsec was exiled; Gruet was beheaded and his head nailed to a post because “he was suspected of being the author of a placard against Abel Poupin, and because letters ridiculing Calvin were found in his house”; Servetus, on the charge of being a sower of heresies, was kept in prison for two months, tormented with vermin, almost naked, and with little food, and then taken out and burned slowly to death in a greenwood fire.

This atrocious murder was sanctioned by even the “merciful” Melanchthon. Calvin published a treatise entitled “A Faithful Account of the Errors of Michael Servetus, in which it is Proved that Heretics ought to be Restrained with the Sword.” To this Castellio or Socinus replied; this in turn called out Beza and a host of smaller Protestant writers, who proved with perfect ease, of course that killing heretics was sanctioned by the Bible. They said that there was a special dispensation of providence in the case of Servetus, who might have escaped had he not gone to Geneva in disguise after his first conviction. “Calvin and other foreign divines had many tools in Poland, particularly Prasnicius, a violent orthodox clergyman. With this man, and through him with the nobility, gentry and clergy, Calvin and Beza corresponded; and many divines of Germany and Switzerland, and even the synod of Geneva, sent letters and tracts into Poland, all justifying the murder of Gentilis and Servetus and the necessity of employing the secular power to rid the world of such monsters was denied the trinity and infant baptism” (Robinson, “Ecclesiastical Researches”). The consistory of Geneva advised Prince Radzivil “to use his influence with the nobility of Poland, to engage them to treat the antitrinitarians as they would Tartars and Muscovites.”

/text from wikipedia and other resources

Luther lade till ordet “allena” så att det blev frälst av “tro allena”

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

Det finns många artiklar om Luther där han prisas, så det känns inte som det behövs ännu en sådan artikel. Den här bloggartikeln handlar därför om Luthers mindre bra sidor.

Frälst av tro allena? Luther lärde att frälsning inte följer av goda gärningar utan är en fri gåva av Gud som endast åtnjutes av nåd genom tro på Jesus som har sonat våra synder. Det problem som var viktigast för Luther var frågan om rättfärdigande, det vill säga att människan genom tro allena betraktades som rättfärdig av Gud, genom Guds nåd. Han drog det till sin spets genom att hävda att rättfärdigheten inte bara härstammar från Kristus, utan rentav är Kristus, inympad i människan genom tron på Jesus som Messias. Detta är anledningen till att tron allena saliggör, och får människan att följa lagen. Tron är det som frambringar den Helige Ande, tack vare Kristi gärningar, skrev Luther. Enligt Luther var tron en gåva från Gud. “Därmed är det klargjort att det är tron, och tron alena, som frälser oss … Inget i denna artikel kan ges upp eller förändras, om så himlen och jorden och allt annat går under “

Problemet är bara att BIBELN inte lär ut “tro allena”.  Luther skräddarsydde sin översättning av Bibeln 1522 enligt sin egen lära. När han fick kritik för att han lade till ordet “allena” efter “tro” i Romarbrevet 3:28, svarade han: “Det är mitt testamente och min översättning, och den ska fortsätta att vara min.”Resultatet blev en evangelikal Bibel, som anpassats för den framväxande lutherska kyrkan. Luther hade bekymmer gällande Jakobsbrevet som talar alltför mycket om kravet på gärningar ihop med tron. Om tron är en gåva så kan det inte stämma det som Bibeln säger att tron kommer av att höra Guds ord. Att vår rättfärdighet egentligen är Jesus egen läggning (rättfärdighet) inympad i oss är HELT FEL och inte vad Bibeln ger stöd för.  Jesus är vår rättfärdighet på så sätt att han levt ett prickfritt liv för vår skull, och att vi genom hans död kan få förlåtelse för våra begångna synder via omvändelse. INTE att det skett någon form av transfusion av hans rättfärdighet till oss.

I “Vederläggning av Latomus argument” argumenterade Luther för att varenda god gärning som utförs i syfte att vinna Guds gunst är synd!  Alla människor är syndare av naturen, förklarade han, och endast Guds nåd, som inte kan förtjänas, kan göra dem rättfärdiga. Den 1 augusti 1521 skrev Luther till Melanchthon på samma tema: “Var en syndare, och låt dina synder vara starka, men låt din tro på Kristus vara starkare, och gläds i Kristus, som besegrar synden, döden och världen. Vi kommer att begå synder medan vi är här, för i detta liv bor ingen rättvisa.” Det stämmer dock inte alls att människan är syndare av naturen, och självfallet har Gud inga problem med att vi strävar efter att göra goda gärningar. Bibeln lär att tro utan gärningar är DÖD och att grenar kan huggas av vinträdet pga brist på frukt, så självfallet vill vi leva lydiga Gud eftersom våra SJÄLAR hänger på det. Vi är inte frälsta av tro allena och inte heller av gärningar allena. Att Luther menar att vi är syndare av naturen och kommer att synda ända tills vi dör, är helt emot det Bibeln lär, och detta är ingenting annat än en gnostisk lära. I Bibeln är det Satan som lär att synd inte leder till en själslig död. I Luthers ögon är synd alltså helt normalt i en kristens liv. Men inte heller Luther var konsekvent med sin egen lära. Ibland gick inte Luthers  reformer upp mot hans tidigare proklamationer. Till exempel underströk skriften Unterricht der Visitatoren an die Pfarrherren in Sachsen 1528, författad av Melanchthon med Luthers godkännande, botgöringens roll i syndernas förlåtelse, trots Luthers ståndpunkt att tron allena garanterar rättfärdighet. Vi har även sett ibland att dopet också har en central roll i frälsningen, enligt Luther. Reformatorn Johannes Agricola från Eislebenprotesterade mot denna kompromiss, och Luther fördömde honom för att han lärde att tron är åtskild från gärningarna. Unterricht är ett problematiskt dokument för dem som söker en konsekvent evolution i Luthers tankar och prakt.

Nattvarden. Luther hävdade att Jesus verkligen var närvarande, i kött och blod, i nattvarden som han kallade det förenande sakramentet, medan hans motståndare ansåg att Gud endast var symboliskt eller andligen närvarande

Filip den ädelmodige, lantgreve av Hessen-Kassel, ville gifta sig med en av sin hustrus hovdamer, och bad om Luthers, Melanchtons ochBucers godkännande i december 1539. Han hänvisade till patriarkernas polygami. Teologerna var inte beredda att ta ett generellt beslut, utan rådde motvilligt honom att gifta sig i hemlighet och hålla tyst om saken.[162] Den 4 mars 1540 gifte han med Margareta von der Saale, med Melanchthon och Bucer bland vittnena. Filip lyckades dock inte hålla äktenskapet hemligt och han hotade med att offentliggöra Luthers råd. Luther rådde honom att berätta en “stark lögn” (stark zu lugen) och fullständigt förneka äktenskapet, vilket Filip gjorde under den följande tvisten. Kyrkohistorikern Martin Brecht menar att ge Filip dessa råd var ett av de värsta misstag Luther gjort, och historien håller Luther ansvarig för detta, förutom lantgreven själv som var direkt ansvarig.[164] Brecht menar att Luthers misstag var inte att ge privata råd som präst, utan att han missbedömde de politiska konsekvenserna.Händelserna skadade bestående Luthers rykte.

Luther och hans antisemitism. I skrifter om de judiska folken framför Luther att judars hem ska förstöras, deras synagogor brännas, pengar konfiskeras och frihet beskäras. Hans åsikter utnyttjades i nazisternaspropaganda mellan åren 1933 och 1945. Som ett resultat av detta och av hans revolutionära teologiska synpunkter är Luther ännu kontroversiell. År 1523 uppmanade Luther till godhet mot judarna i skriften Att Jesus Kristus föddes som jude, men endast i syfte att försöka omvända dem till kristendomen. När hans ansträngningar att omvända dem misslyckades, blev han alltmer bitter gentemot dem.

Luthers andra större verk om judarna var hans 60 000 ord långa avhandling Von den Juden und ihren Lügen (Om judarna och deras lögner), och Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi, som båda publicerades 1543, tre år före hans död. Luther menade att judarna inte längre var det utvalda folket utan “djävulens folk”: han hänvisade till dem med ett våldsamt och vidrigt språk. Luther propagerade för att sätta synagogor i brand, förstöra judiska böneböcker, förbjuda rabbiner att predika, att beslagta judars egendomar och pengar samt slå sönder deras hem, så att dessa “giftiga maskar” skulle tvingas att arbeta eller utvisas för gott. Enligt Robert Michaels tolkning, innebar Luthers ord “Vi begår fel genom att inte slakta dem” att Luther sanktionerade mord.

Luther propagerade mot judarna i Sachsen, Brandenburg och Schlesien. Josel av Rosheim, den judiske talesmannen, som försökte hjälpa judarna i Sachsen år 1537, gav senare skulden för deras svårigheter på “den där prästen vars namn är Martin Luther — må hans kropp och själ bli bunden i helvetet!som skrev och gav ut många kätterska böcker där han påstod att vem som helst som gav judarna hjälp var dömd till undergång”. Josel bad staden Strasbourg att förbjuda försäljning av Luthers anti-judiska arbeten: staden vägrade inledningsvis att utfärda ett förbud, men gav efter då en luthersk präst i Hochfelden använde högmässan för att uppvigla sina församlingsmedlemmar att mörda judar. Luthers inflytande kvarstod efter hans död. Genom 1580-talet ledde upplopp till att judar fördrevs från flera tyska lutheranska delstater. Luther var sin generations mest läste författare, och han uppnådde en profets status i Tyskland. Enligt den förhärskande åsikten bland historiker bidrog hans anti-judiska retorik starkt till antisemitismens utveckling i Tyskland, och gav på 1930- och 1940-talen ett “idealiskt stöd” åt nationalsocialisternas angrepp mot judar.

Reinhold Lewin skriver att “vem som helst som skrev emot judarna, av vilka skäl som helst, ansåg sig ha rätt att rättfärdiga sig själv genom att jublande hänvisa till Luther.” Enligt Michael innehöll mer eller mindre varenda antijudisk bok som trycktes i Tredje riket referenser till och citat från Luther. Heinrich Himmler skrev 1940 med beundran om hans skrifter och predikningar om judarna. Staden Nürnberg skänkte en förstaupplaga av Om judarna och deras lögner till Julius Streicher, redaktör på den nazistiska tidningen Der Stürmer, på hans födelsedag 1937; tidningen beskrev det som den mest radikalt antisemitiska skrift som någonsin publicerats. Den 17 december 1941, sju regionala protestantiska kyrkors samfällighet gav gemensamt ut en policy där de anslöt sig till förslaget om att alla judar skulle tvingas bära den gula stjärnan, judestjärnan, “då Luther efter sina bittra erfarenheter redan hade föreslagit förebyggande åtgärder mot judarna och för fördrivandet av dem från tyskt territorium.”

Luther skrev inte lika engagerat om islam som han gjort om judendomen, och han ställde aldrig några krav på att muslimer skulle omvändas. Även om Luther betraktade islam som ett djävulens verktyg, förhöll han sig likgiltig till dess utövande: Låt turken tro på vad han vill, precis som man låter påvedömet och andra falska former av kristendom fortleva. Luther motsatte sig även att Koranen skulle förbjudas, då han menade att det var bättre att genom publikation utsätta den för granskning och kritik.

Luthers död. Hans svaga fysiska hälsa ledde till ett hetare temperament och ännu skarpare uttryck i sina skrifter och kommentarer. Hans fru Katharina hördes en gång säga: “Käre make, du är för elak” och han svarade: “De lär mig att vara elak.”Sin sista predikan höll han i Eisleben, hans födelseplats, den 15 februari 1546, tre dagar före sin död. Den var “genomgående ägnad mot de förhärdade judarna, som var ett akut problem att undanröja från allt tyskt territorium,” med hänvisning till Léon Poliakov. James Mackinnon skriver att den avslutades med en “glödande uppmaning att driva judarna med pick och pack från deras tillhåll mitt ibland oss, om de inte avsa sig sitt förtal och sitt ocker och blev kristna.” Luther sa, “vi skall praktisera kristen kärlek mot dem och be för att de ska konvertera,” men också för att de är “våra allmänna fiender … och om de kan döda oss alla, så skulle de gladeligen göra det. Och så gör de ofta.”

Luther var inte konsekvent med att vilja döda judarna samtidigt som han gick emot våld i andra sammanhang. “Vet ni vad djävulen tänker när han ser människor använda våld för att propagera för evangeliet? Han sitter med korsade armar bakom helvetets eldar och säger med ondskefull min och ett skrämmande flin: “Åh, så klokt dessa galningar spelar mitt spel! Låt dem fortsätta; jag ska skörda frukterna. Jag glädjer mig åt det.” Men när han ser Ordet fara och kämpa ensamt på slagfältet, darrar han av skräck. 

Men i Wider die räuberischen und mörderischen Rotten der Bauern förklarade han evangeliernas syn på rikedom och förbannade våldet som djävulens verk och manade adeln att avliva rebellerna som galna hundar. Låt därför alla som kan slå, dräpa och knivhugga göra det, i hemlighet eller öppet, med åtanke att inget kan vara mer giftigt, skadligt eller djävulskt än en rebell —Våra bönder vill dock att andras egendomar ska bli gemensamma, men behålla sina egna själva. Vilka fina kristna! Jag tror inte att det finns en enda djävul kvar i helvetet; de har alla farit i bönderna. Deras galenskap går bortom alla gränser.

CITAT från LUTHER 

“Whoever rejects infant baptism shall be punished with death, As for the simple people, who have not preached or administered baptism, but who were seduced to permit themselves to frequent the assemblies of the heretics, if they do not wish to renounce Anabaptism, they shall be scourged, punished with perpetual exile, and even with death if they return three times to the place whence they have been expelled.” (Bennett, pp. 843-845)

“If you are a preacher of mercy, do not preach an imaginary but the true mercy. If the mercy is true, you must therefore bear the true, not an imaginary sin. God does not save those who are only imaginary sinners. Be a sinner, and let your sins be strong, but let your trust in Christ be stronger, and rejoice in Christ who is the victor over sin, death, and the world. We will commit sins while we are here, for this life is not a place where justice resides. We, however, says Peter (2. Peter 3:13) are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth where justice will reign. It suffices that through God’s glory we have recognized the Lamb who takes away the sin of the world. No sin can separate us from Him, even if we were to kill or commit adultery thousands of times each day. Do you think such an exalted Lamb paid merely a small price with a meager sacrifice for our sins? Pray hard for you are quite a sinner.” (A Letter From Luther to Melanchthon, Letter 99, 1 August 1521).

“With regard to God, and all that bears on salvation or damnation, man has no ‘free-will’, but is a captive, prisoner and bond slave, either to the will of God, or to the will of Satan.” (‘Bondage of the Will,’ ‘Martin Luther: Selections From His Writings’, ed. by Dillenberger: Anchor Books, 1962, p. 190.)

“Therefore, necessity, not free will, is the controlling principle of our conduct. God is the author of what is evil as well as well as what is good, and, as He bestows happiness on those who merit it not, so also does He damn others who deserve not their fate.” (‘De Servo Abitrio’, 7, 113 seq., quoted by O’Hare in ‘The Facts About Luther’: TAN Books, 1987, pp. 266-267.)

“Christ committed adultery first of all with the women at the well about whom St. John tell’s us. Was not everybody about Him saying: ‘Whatever has he been doing with her?’ Secondly, with Mary Magdalen, and thirdly with the women taken in adultery whom He dismissed so lightly. Thus even, Christ who was so righteous, must have been guilty of fornication before He died.” (Trishreden, Weimer Edition, Vol. 2, Pg. 107.)

“to my mind it (the book of Apocalypse) bears upon it no marks of an apostolic or prophetic character… Everyone may form his own judgment of this book; as for myself, I feel an aversion to it, and to me this is sufficient reasoning to REJECT IT it.” (Sammtliche Werke, 63, p.169-170, ‘The Facts About Luther,’ O’Hare, TAN Books, 1987, p. 203.)

“For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book” (Rev. 22.18). “And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and [from] the things which are written in this book” (Rev. 22.19).

“Be a sinner and sin boldly, but believe and rejoice in Christ even more boldly for he is victorious over sin, death, and the world. As long as we are here in this world we have to sin. This life is not a dwelling place of righteousness. No sin will separate us from the lamb, even though we commit fornication and murder a thousand times a day. Whenever the devil harasses you, seek the company of men or drink more, or joke and talk nonsense, or do some other merry thing. Sometimes we must drink more, sport, recreate ourselves, and even sin a little to spite the devil, so that we leave him no place for troubling our consciences with trifles. We are conquered if we try too conscientiously not to sin at all. So when the devil says to you: do not drink, answer him: I will drink, and right freely, just because you tell me not to. The imputation of righteousness we need very much, because we are far from perfect. As long as we have this body, sin will dwell in our flesh. Then, too, we sometimes drive away the holy spirit; we fall into sin, like Peter, David, and other holy men. Nevertheless we may always take recourse to this fact, that our sins are covered, and that God will not lay them to our charge. Sin is not held against us for Christ’s sake, your sin cannot cast you into hell. No sin can harm me.” (Martin Luther’s Saemmtliche Schriften, Letter #99, 1 aug. 1531)

“This is the highest degree of faith – to believe that He [“god”] is merciful, who saves so few and damns so many; to believe Him just, who according to His own will, makes us necessarily damnable, that He may seem, as Erasmus says, ‘to delight in the torments of the miserable, and to be an object of hatred rather than of love.'” (Bondage of the Will”. p. 30)

Martin Luther lade också till ordet “allena”  i Rom. 3.28 så att det blir “tro allena”, men det står inte så i originaltexten. Se också Jak. 2:24 som säger motsatsen.  (Amic. discussion, 1, 127, ‘The Facts About Luther,’ O’Hare, TAN Books, 1987, p. 201.)

We should throw the epistle of James out of this school [Wittenberg], for it doesn’t amount to much. It contains no syllable about Christ. Not once does it mention Christ, except at the beginning. I maintain that some Jew wrote it who probably heard about Christian people but never encountered any (Luther’s Works, 54, 424-425).*)

*) See more info in the end of this document.

Luthers skrift On Jews and their Lies’ Part Two” 

I shall give you my sincere advice: First, to set fire to their synagogues or schools and to bury and cover with dirt whatever will not burn, so that no man will ever again see a stone or cinder of them. This is to be done in honor of our Lord and of Christendom, so that God might see that we are Christians, and do not condone or knowingly tolerate such public lying, cursing, and blaspheming of his Son and of his Christians. For whatever we tolerated in the past unknowingly_and I myself was unaware of it_will be pardoned by God. But if we, now that we are informed, were to protect and shield such a house for the Jews, existing right before our very nose, in which they lie about, blaspheme, curse, vilify, and defame Christ and us (as was heard above), it would be the same as if we were doing all this and even worse ourselves, as we very well know.

In Deuteronomy 13:12 Moses writes that any city that is given to idolatry shall be totally destroyed by fire, and nothing of it shall be preserved. If he were alive today, he would be the first to set fire to the synagogues and houses of the Jews. For in Deuteronomy 4:2 and 12:32 he commanded very explicitly that nothing is to be added to or subtracted from his law. And Samuel says in I Samuel 15:23 that disobedience to God is idolatry. Now the Jews’ doctrine at present is nothing but the additions of the rabbis and the idolatry of disobedience, so that Moses has become entirely unknown among them (as we said before), just as the Bible became unknown under the papacy in our day. So also, for Moses’ sake, their schools cannot be tolerated; they defame him just as much as they do us. It is not necessary that they have their own free churches for such idolatry.

Second, I advise that their houses also be razed and destroyed. For they pursue in them the same aims as in their synagogues. Instead they might be lodged under a roof or in a barn, like the gypsies. This will bring home to them the fact that they are not masters in our country, as they boast, but that they are living in exile and in captivity, as they incessantly wail and lament about us before God.

Third, I advise that all their prayer books and Talmudic writings, in which such idolatry, lies, cursing, and blasphemy are taught, be taken from them.

Fourth, I advise that their rabbis be forbidden to teach henceforth on pain of loss of life and limb. For they have justly forfeited the right to such an office by holding the poor Jews captive with the saying of Moses (Deuteronomy 17:10) in which he commands them to obey their teachers on penalty of death, although Moses clearly adds: “what they teach you in accord with the law of the Lord.” Those villains ignore that. They wantonly employ the poor people’s obedience contrary to the law of the Lord and infuse them with this poison, cursing, and blasphemy. In the same way the pope also held us captive with the declaration in Matthew 16:18, “You are Peter,” etc., inducing us to believe all the lies and deceptions that issued from his devilish mind. He did not teach in accord with the word of God, and therefore he forfeited the right to teach.

Fifth, I advise that safe-conduct on the highways be abolished completely for the Jews. For they have no business in the countryside, since they are not lords, officials, tradesmen, or the like. Let them stay at home. I have heard it said that a rich Jew is now traveling across the country with twelve horses his ambition is to become a Kokhba devouring princes, lords, lands, and people with his usury, so that the great lords view it with jealous eyes. If you great lords and princes will not forbid such usurers the highway legally, some day a troop may gather against them, having learned from this booklet the true nature of the Jews and how one should deal with them and not protect their activities. For you, too, must not and cannot protect them unless you wish to become participants in an their abominations in the sight of God. Consider carefully what good could come from this, and prevent it.

Sixth, I advise that usury be prohibited to them, and that all cash and treasure of silver and gold be taken from them and put aside for safekeeping. The reason for such a measure is that, as said above, they have no other means of earning a livelihood than usury, and by it they have stolen and robbed from us an they possess. Such money should now be used in no other way than the following: Whenever a Jew is sincerely converted, he should be handed one hundred, two hundred, or three hundred florins, as personal circumstances may suggest. With this he could set himself up in some occupation for the support of his poor wife and children, and the maintenance of the old or feeble. For such evil gains are cursed if they are not put to use with God’s blessing in a good and worthy cause.

Seventh, I recommend putting a flail, an ax, a hoe, a spade, a distaff, or a spindle into the hands of young, strong Jews and Jewesses and letting them earn their bread in the sweat of their brow, as was imposed on the children of Adam (Gen. 3 [:19]). For it is not fitting that they should let us accursed Goyim toil in the sweat of our faces while they, the holy people, idle away their time behind the stove, feasting and farting., and on top of all, boasting blasphemously of their lordship over the Christians by means of our sweat. No, one should toss out these lazy rogues by the seat of their pants.

But if we are afraid that they might harm us or our wives, children, servants, cattle, etc., if they had to serve and work for us — for it is reasonable to assume that such noble lords of the world and venomous, bitter worms are not accustomed to working and would be very reluctant to humble themselves so deeply before the accursed Goyim — then let us emulate the common sense of other nations such as France, Spain, Bohemia, etc., compute with them how much their usury has extorted from us, divide, divide this amicably, but then eject them forever from the country. For, as we have heard, God’s anger with them is so intense that gentle mercy will only tend to make them worse and worse, while sharp mercy will reform them but little. Therefore, in any case, away with them!

In brief, dear princes and lords, those of you who have Jews under your rule: if my counsel does not please you, find better advice, so that you and we all can be rid of the unbearable, devilish burden of the Jews … Do not grant them protection, safe-conduct, or communion with us … so it is not necessary to burden ourselves also with these alien, shameful vices of the Jews …

And you, my dear gentlemen and friends who are pastors and preachers, I wish to remind very faithfully of your official duty, so that you too may warn your parishioners concerning their eternal harm, as you know how to do, namely, that they be on their guard against the Jews and avoid them so far as possible. When you lay eyes on or think of a Jew you must say to your self: Alas, that mouth which I there behold has cursed and execrated and maligned every Saturday my dear Lord Jesus Christ, who has redeemed me with his precious blood; in addition, it prayed and pleaded before God that I, my wife and children, and all Christians might be stabbed to death and perish miserably. And he himself would gladly do this if he were able, in order to appropriate our goods … If I were to eat, drink or talk with such a devilish mouth, I would eat or drink myself full of devils by the dish or cupful just as I surely make myself a cohort of all the devils that dwell in the Jews and that deride the precious blood of Christ. May God preserve me from this!

Nor dare we make ourselves partners in their devilish ranting and raving by shielding and protecting them, by giving them food, drink, and shelter, or by other neighborly acts, especially since they boast so proudly and despicably when we do help and serve them that God has ordained them as lords and us as servants. For instance, when a Christian kindles their fire for them on a Sabbath, or cooks for them in an inn whatever they want, they curse and defame and revile us for it, supposing this to be something praiseworthy, and yet they live on our wealth, which they have stolen from us. Such a desperate, thoroughly evil poisonous, and devilish lot are these Jews, who for these fourteen hundred years have been and still are our plague, our pestilence, and our misfortune.

Especially you pastors who have Jews living in your midst, persist in reminding your lords and rulers to be mindful of their office and of their obligation before God to force the Jews to work, to forbid usury, and to check their blasphemy and cursing. For if they punish thievery, robbery, murder, blasphemy, and other vices among us Christians, why should the devilish Jews be scot-free to commit their crimes among us and against us? We suffer more from them than the Italians do from the Spaniards, who plunder the host’s kitchen, cellar, chest, and purse, and, in addition, curse him and threaten him with death. Thus the Jews, our guests, also treat us; for we are their hosts. They rob and fleece us and hang about our necks, these lazy weaklings and indolent bellies; they swill and feast, enjoy good times in our homes …

But if the authorities are reluctant to use force and restrain the Jews’ devilish wantonness, the latter should, as we said, be expelled from the country … much more leave our Lord the Messiah, our faith, and our church undefiled and uncontaminated with their devilish tyranny and malice. Any privileges that they may plead shall not help them; for no one can grant privileges for practicing such abominations. These cancel and abrogate all privileges.

If you pastors and preachers have followed my example and have faithfully issued such warnings, but neither prince nor subject will do anything about it, let us follow the advice of Christ (Matthew 10:14) and shake the dust from our shoes, and say, “We are innocent of your blood.” For I observe and have often experienced how indulgent the perverted world is when it should be strict, and, conversely, how harsh it is when it should be merciful. Such was the case with King Ahab, as we find recorded in I Kings 20. That is the way the prince of this world reigns. I suppose that the princes will now wish to show mercy to the Jews, the bloodthirsty foes of our Christian and human name, in order to earn heaven thereby. But that the Jews enmesh us, harass us, torment and distress us poor Christians in every way with the above mentioned devilish and detestable deeds, this they want us to tolerate, and this is a good Christian deed, especially if there is any money involved (which they have filched and stolen from us).

What are we poor preachers to do meanwhile? In the first place, we will believe that our Lord Jesus Christ is truthful when he declares of the Jews who did not accept but crucified him, “You are a brood of vipers and children of the devil [cf. Matt. 12:34]. This is a judgment in which his forerunner John the Baptist concurred, although these people were his kin. Now our authorities and all such merciful saints as wish the Jews well will at least have to let us believe our Lord Jesus Christ, who, I am sure, has a more intimate knowledge of all hearts than do those compassionate saints. He knows that these Jews are a brood of vipers and children of the devil, that is, people who will accord us the same benefits as does their father, the devil, and by now we Christians should have learned from Scripture as well as experience just how much he wishes us well.

I have read and heard many stories about the Jews which agree with this judgment of Christ, namely, how they have poisoned wells, made assassinations, kidnaped children, as related before … However, it all coincides with the judgment of Christ which declares that they are venomous, bitter, vindictive, tricky serpents, assassins, and children of the devil who sting and work harm stealthily wherever they cannot do it openly … That is what I had in mind when I said earlier that, next to the devil, a Christian has no more bitter and galling foe than a Jew. There is no other to whom we accord as many benefactions and from whom we suffer as much as we do from these base children of the devil, this brood of vipers.

Now let me commend these Jews sincerely to whoever feels the desire to shelter and feed them, to honor them, to be fleeced, robbed, plundered, defamed, vilified, and cursed by them, and to suffer every evil at their hands — these venomous serpents and devil’s children, who are the most vehement enemies of Christ our Lord and of us all. And if that is not enough, let him stuff them into his mouth, or crawl into their behind and worship this holy object. Then let him boast of his mercy, then let him boast that he has strengthened the devil and his brood for further blaspheming our dear Lord and the precious blood with which we Christians are redeemed. Then he will be a perfect Christian, filled with works of mercy for which Christ will reward him on the day of judgment, together with the Jews in the eternal fire of hell!

On Jews and their Lies’ Part Three

But what will happen even if we do burn down the Jews’ synagogues and forbid them publicly to praise God, to pray, to teach, to utter God’s name? They will still keep doing it in secret … They must be driven from our country … Indeed, if they had the power to do to us what we are able to do to them, not one of us would live for an hour. But since they lack the power to do this publicly, they remain our daily murderers and bloodthirsty foes in their hearts. Their prayers and curses furnish evidence of that, as do the many stories which relate their torturing of children and all sorts of crimes for which they have often been burned at the stake or banished … everyone would gladly be rid of them … For Christ does not lie or deceive us when he adjudges them to be serpents and children of the devil

(En del av informationen från wikipedia)

*) Luther’s controversial writing concerning the Epistle of James and the Revelation can be found in Volume 35 of Luther’s Works, American Edition, pages 395-397 and 399-400.
An excerpt from his “Preface to the Epistles of St. James and St. Jude” — “…I praise [the Epistle of James] and consider it a good book, because it sets up no doctrines of men but vigorously promulgates the law of God…. However, …I do not regard it as the writing of an apostle, and my reasons follow.
“In the first place it is flatly against St. Paul and all the rest of Scripture in ascribing justification to works [2:24]….
“In the second place its purpose is to teach Christians, but in all this long teaching it does not once mention the Passion, the resurrection, or the Spirit of Christ….
“In a word, he wanted to guard against those who relied on faith without works, but was unequal to the task. He tries to accomplish by harping on the law what the apostles accomplish by stimulating people to love. Therefore I cannot include him among the chief books, though I would not thereby prevent anyone from including or extolling him as he pleases, for there are otherwise many good sayings in him,”
Lutherans generally do not agree with Luther’s devaluation of this epistle.
An excerpt from Luther’s earlier preface to Revelation: “About this book of the Revelation of St. John, I leave everyone free to hold his own opinions. I would not have anyone bound to my opinion or judgment. I say what I feel. I miss more than one thing in this book, and it makes me consider it to be neither apostolic nor prophetic.
“First and foremost, the apostles do not deal with visions, but prophesy in clear and plain words, as do Peter and Paul, and Christ in the gospel…. I can in no way detect that the Holy Spirit produced it….”
In 1530, Luther revised the Preface, but had not really changed his view regarding Revelation:
“…Some of the ancient fathers held that it was not the work of St. John, the Apostle…. For our part, we still share this doubt. By that, however, no one should be prevented from reading this as the work of St. John the apostle, or of whomever else he chooses….”
Lutherans generally do not agree with Luther’s devaluation of the book of Revelation.
When Luther wrestled with the question of whether these books belong in the canon of scripture, he was not questioning the inspiration or the authority of god’s word. The question for him was what is properly part of God’s Word. As with other questions of faith and doctrine, Luther is never the final authority.

Judas was not predestined to betray Jesus, Acts 4:28

Judas acted against God’s will when he betrayed Jesus

The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers were gathered together against the Lord, and against his Christ. For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together, For to do whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel DETERMINED BEFORE to be done. (Acts 4:26-28)

The above are words from a prayer by Peter and John, and these verses are sometimes used as an attempt to support the idea that God predestines all things, including predestination of individuals to do “evil” (and that this in effect doesn’t make it “evil” since God is always good). The sacrifice of Christ is a holy and acceptable offering to God and he didn’t force anyone to kill Jesus. This unique event cannot be used as a blanket statement throughout the entire scriptures to show that God causes people to do whatever they are busy doing including SINNING.

What was “determined before” to be done? It was the death of Jesus (the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world)! However, it does not say that God predestined anyone to make this goal come true. Peter and John expressed in their prayer that people came to do what was determined, but  it doesn’t say that God predestined/caused/forced anyone to betray and kill Jesus, because then God would be the only reason for their sin.  (You’re not guilty of something if God is the one who made you do it.) Jesus is said to have laid down his own life and we can trust his words. There was certainly no shortage of people who wanted to kill Jesus, so God did not have to bother about predestining anyone to harm him. They went after Jesus on their own accord, and this was known from the foundation of the world. It wouldn’t be hard for the Father to remove his protective hands over Jesus and let someone with the desire to kill him be successful in his attempt, and Judas was  apparently first in line to betray him which eventually lead to his death. If Judas was predestined to betray Jesus, he would end up in heaven and not hell.

 John 10:17 Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again18No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.

We can read that what happened was FOREKNOWN by God, but foreknowledge is not predestination. We can read that WICKED HANDS had crucified and slayed Jesus. If God predestined people to slay Jesus, then it would have been GODLY hands who slayed him. Those are wicked who do things contrary to God’s will.  By using an event for something good doesn’t mean that God caused it to happen.

 Acts 2:23 Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel and FOREKNOWLEDGE of God, YE have taken, and BY WICKED HANDS have crucified and slain? 

We can see that it was not GOD who placed the desire to harm Jesus inside Judas but SATAN.

Joh. 13:And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him 

Jesus asked his Father to forgive those who harmed him, but if they were predestined to do so, then what is there to forgive? Why asking the Father to forgive people for doing exactly what he caused them to do?! If Judas OBEYED the Father by betraying Jesus which he was CAUSED to do, then shouldn’t Judas be rewarded instead of punished for what he did? Instead we can read that it would have been better for Judas had he never been born.

Luke 23:34 Then said Jesus, Fatherforgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots

Jesus was delivered into the hands of SINFUL men, so we are not talking about innocent people who only did what they were predestined to do by God. THEY chose to sin, and we know that God doesn’t even TEMPT people. Much less force people to sin.  There is no darkness in God.

Lukas 24:7Saying, The Son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again.

The Apostle Paul “determined to sail by Ephesus” (Acts 20:16). Does that mean that the sailors on the vessel that he determined to sail on were acting under Paul’s compulsion or control? No. Paul determined to sail on a certain vessel to a certain location, but that does not mean that the vessel he determined to sail on was under his causation. When Paul sailed to Ephesus, he could say that what occurred was what was “determined before to be done” instead of something which occurred by surprise or accident. But the occurrence of what was determined before to be done did not exclude the freedom of those who participated in its occurrence. In the same way, God determined the crucifixion of Christ, but that does not mean that those who participated in His crucifixion and contributed to it were not free in what they did. What they did to Christ was not a surprise to God. What they did was what God had “determined before to be done”. In order to accomplish His purpose of slaying the Lord, God delivered Christ into the hands of those who already wanted to kill him by their free choice.

There certainly was no shortage of people who wanted to kill Jesus because of the way that He preached. Jesus said that “the world” “hateth” him, “because I testify of it, that the works thereof are EVIL” (Jn. 7:7). But the enemies of Christ were unable to kill him as long as the Father was protecting him (Matt. 4:6; Lk. 4:11; Jn. 7:30; 10:31; 10:39). The Bible says “Then they sought to take him: but no man laid hands on him, because his hour was not yet come” (Jn. 7:30).

God determined to deliver Jesus unto wicked men and God foreknew what they would do to Jesus if He did. This is because the Father knew the hostility and hatred that was already freely in their hearts. God was able to incorporate their voluntary wickedness into His plans and even turn it around and use it for good. This, it seems, God also did with Joseph’s brothers (Gen. 50:20). But this does not mean that God caused their wickedness. It is one thing to say that God “worketh all things after the counsel of his own will” (Eph. 1:11), and it is quite another thing to say, “God CAUSES all things after the counsel of his own will”. God can work with the free will choices of men to accomplish His purposes without causing all the choices of men.

Pilate said, “I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee” (Jn. 19:10). Pilate certainly was conscious of possessing free will. He was aware of the fact that what he was doing, he was doing by his own free volition. Responsibility or accountability presupposes free will. Men will be judged according to the free choices of their wills. Since these men were responsible for taking Jesus and for killing him, though God had determined that Jesus should be delivered unto them and slain, they still took Him and killed him by their own free choice. The Bible goes on to say

“Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ. Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their hearts, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, men and brethren, what shall we do? (Acts 2:36-37)

Apparently, Peter’s audience had not taken his previous words about the determinate counsel of God to mean that they had no free will in the matter or that they were only acting under the control of God. Otherwise, they could not have been pricked in their hearts for their action or have seen any reason why they needed to be saved for acting in such a way. But they were pricked in their hearts and sought for a way of salvation because they internally knew that what they had done was caused freely by their own wills and, therefore, they were rightly responsible and accountable for it.

Augustinus och kyrkofädernas åsikter om Fri Vilja

De första ca 300 åren efter Jesu död

Den tidigaste kristna menade att det INTE var så att människor valde att göra det onda för att deras natur var ond/syndig, medan andra människor väljer det goda för att deras natur är god, för alla människor är av samma natur. Alla har fri vilja och kan välja mellan gott och ont. Gnostikerna satte sig emot detta och skrev till och med sina egna skrifter kända som De gnostiska skrifterna, där de använde kända namn som Maria, Thomas etc för att försöka ge stöd åt sina läror. Många av gnostikernas läror lyckades inte få fotfäste men vad gäller människans natur, fri vilja och syndens natur har falska läror tyvärr blivit accepterade och fortsätter att läras ut i våra kyrkor.

Gällande “Fri vilja” erkände John Kalvin om kyrkofädernas lära “As to the Fathers, (if their authority weighs with us,) they have the term constantly in their mouths”. Han sade “The Greek fathers above others have taught the power of the human will” och “they have not been ashamed to make use of a much more arrogant expression calling man ‘free agent’ or ‘self-manager’ just as if man had a power to govern himself”. Han sade också “The Latin fathers have always retained the word ‘free will’ as if man stood yet upright”.

Om urkyrkan var så enad i flera hundra år gällande den här läran, när skedde splittringen och vem orsakade den? Svaret är ganska uppenbart när vi ser till historien. Det var inte förrän på 400-talet som gnostiska och manikeiska influenser började infiltrera kyrkan och förgiftade den med sina läror. Augustinus anslöt sig till Kyrkan och blev biskop. Han började sedan att motarbeta det som Kyrkan alltid lärt ut om fri vilja och människans natur, och lärde ut den gnostiska synen.

John Gibb och William Montgomery sade “For nearly nine years Augustine was a Manichaean Auditor. At first he was a zealous partisan who contended publicly for his new faith, and did not hesitate to ridicule the doctrines of the Church and especially the Old Testament Scriptures”.

Märkligt nog så lärde Augustinus ut Fri vilja när han först anslöt sig till Kyrkan och debatterade mot manikeerna. Han sade “We [Christians] assert the liberty of the will, whereby our actions are rendered either moral or immoral, and keep it free from every bond of necessity, on account of the righteous judgment of God”. Samt: “The religious mind confesses and maintains that we do by our free will whatsoever we know and feel to be done by us only because we will it”. Och han sade “we sin voluntarily and not by necessity”. Men när han sedan började debattera med pelagianer så gick Augustinus tyvärr tillbaka till läran om totalt fördärv som manikéerna lärde. Beausobre märkte också denna förändring och att Augustinus försvarade Fri vilja “so long as he had to do with the Manichaeans. But when he came to dispute with the Pelagians, he changed his system. Then he denied that kind of freedom which before he had defended; and, so far as I am able to judge, his sentiments no longer differed from theirs [the Manichaeans] concerning the servitude of the will. He ascribed the servitude to the corruption which original sin brought into our nature; whereas the Manichaeans ascribed it to an evil quality, eternally inherit in matter.”

Synd var nu inte längre ett etiskt problem där människan själv hanterar sina val, utan ett metafysiskt problem där människan syndar av ren nödvändighet. De som kritiserade Augustinus för att lära ut Manekeism i stället för den sunda läran blev snart förföljda och fördömda som irrlärare när Augustinianism ernått Kyrklig auktoritet. De biskopar inom kyrkan som fortsatte att lära ut vad urkyrkan alltid lärt ut om Fri vilja och synd av val i stället för nödvändighet blev då bortdragna från sina talarstolar, fick sina ägodelar konfiskerade, och blev exkommunicerade av både kyrka och stat. Liksom Kalvinismen som kom efteråt, så använde Augustinianism politiska och statliga makter för att tysta alla former av opposition så att de nya lärorna kunde spridas som en farsot utan motstånd.

Det finns stora likheter men också några skillnader mellan Augustinianism och Gnostisism. Medan gnostikerna menade att människan natur var syndfull och fördärvad och att hon inte hade fri vilja eftersom hon var skapad av en underlägsen gud, så höll Augustinus med om att människans natur var syndfull och fördärvad och att hon inte hade fri vilja men han menade att det var Gud som gjorde det så pga Adams synd. Medan gnostikerna menade att köttet var syndfullt och att Jesus därför inte var kommen i köttet så trodde Augustinus att köttets lust var syndigt och att denna synd var ärftlig eller överförd från förälder till barn genom fysisk intimitet, och att Jesus undvek denna ärftliga åkomma genom att bli född av en jungfru. Därför höll Augustinus med gnostikerna i princip. Så Augustinianism är modifierad Manikeism eller semi-gnostisim.

De stora grundarna till den moderna kristna teologin har varit Augustinus, Luther och Kalvin. Augustinus var influerad av Manikeism och Luther och Kalvin var influerade av Augustinianskt tankesätt. Därför är det inget konstigt att Augustinus nekade till Fri vilja som Manikéerna gjorde, och Luther och Kalvin nekade till Fri vilja som Augustinus gjorde. Luther var t o m en Augustiniansk munk, och systemet med munkar och nunnor är influerat av idén att fysisk intimitet är syndigt. Luther refererade till Augustinus tretton gånger i sin bok “The Bondage of the Will” och 24 gånger i “Works of Martin Luther”. John Kalvin refererade till Augustinus tvåhundrasextiofem gånger i “Institutes on Christian Religion”Luther försvarade sin position mot Fri vilja genom att säga “Augustinus är helt och hållet på min sida”. Kalvin sade “Let us now hear Augustine in his own words, lest Calvin be charged with being opposed to all antiquity”. Men Kalvin var förstås avvikande mot alla de äldre kyrkofäderna före Augustinus.

John Kalvin sade “all ancient theologians, with the exception of Augustine, are so confused, vacillating, and contradictory on this subject, that no certainty can be obtained from their writings”. Kalvin trodde att män som Klement av Rom, Ignatius, som personligen kände apostlarna inte förstod apostlarnas epistlar medan Augustinus, som inte kände apostlarna, uppenbarligen gjorde det. Kalvin erkände: “It may, perhaps, seem that I have greatly prejudiced my own view by confessing that all of the ecclesiastical writers, with the exception of Augustine, have spoken too ambiguously or inconsistently on this subject, that no certainty is attainable from their writings”.

Reformatorerna ämnade styra tillbaka Kyrkan till den tidiga kristendomen, men kom inte längre tillbaka än till Augustinus som ju lärde irrläror. De borde ha gått tillbaka mycket längre i tiden. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics säger “it is Augustine who gave us the Reformation. For the Reformation, inwardly considered, was just the ultimate triumph of Augustine’s doctrine the Reformation came, seeing that it was, on its theological side, a revival of Augustinianism”.

Gnostisism, Augustinianism, Lutheranism och Kalvinism har mycket gemensamt som vi kunnat läsa här. Det är på sätt och vis samma gamla gnostisism i nytt format. Andra läror bygger på dessa gnostiska tänkesätt, såsom “easy believism”, predestinationsläran, nödvändighet av andligt uppväckande, ovillkorlig försäkran om evigt liv, etc. Men ingen gnostisk idé har fått en sådan spridning och acceptans bland kyrkor världen över såsom idén att människan är född med en syndfull natur.

Augustinus: “As nothing else is done for children in baptism but their being incorporated into the church, that is, connected with the body and members of Christ, it follows, that when this is not done for them, they belong to perdition.” 

Det finns en uppsjö av citat från de gamla kyrkofäderna vad gäller stöd till att människan har en fri vilja

De exempel som finns här borde räcka för att visa att Fri vilja – och inte att människan syndar av nödvändighet pga sin natur – var den universella synen i den tidigaste kristenheten.

KLEMENT

Vi kan läsa i Fil 4:3 att Paulus refererar till “mina medarbetare” i att sprida evangelium, och han namnger Klement vars namn “är skriven i Livets Bok”. Historieböckerna namnger denna man såsom Klement av Rom.

“It is therefore in the power of every one, since man has been made possessed of free-will, whether he shall hear us to life, or the demons to destruction.”

 Klement sade att Fri vilja gavs för att “he who is good by his own choice is really good; but he who is made good by another under necessity is not really good, because he is not what he is by his own choice“. Klement menade också att skälet till att syndare är orsaken till Guds straff för deras olydnad är att en syndare har en möjlighet att lyda Gud. Han sade “For no other reason does God punish the sinner either in the present or in the future world, except because He knows that the sinner was able to conquer but neglected to gain the victory”.

Skälet för att en syndare är straffbar för sin synd är alltså för att en syndare har en möjlighet att INTE synda. Han säger att en syndare är straffad, inte pga brist på kapacitet utan för oaktsamhet.

IGNATIUS 

Ignatius var en lärljunge till aposteln Johannes och dog martyrdöden i Colosseum i Rom genom att bli uppäten av lejon. Han lärde att människan är syndare av val och inte av naturen.

“If anyone is truly religious, he is a man of God; but if he is irreligious, he is a man of the devil, made such, not by nature, but by his own choice.”  (The Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians chap 5 (Long Version)

“There is set before us life upon our observance [of God’s precepts], but death as the result of disobedience, and every one, according to the choice he makes, shall go to his own place, let us flee from death, and make choice of life.” (The Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians chap 5, Long Version)

IRENAEUS 

Aposteln Johannes hade även en apostel som heter Polycarpos. Polycarpos var biskop i Smyrna när Uppenbarelseboken skrevs. Kyrkan i Smyrna var en av de kyrkor i Uppenbarelseboken som Jesus inte hade någon kritik till (Upp. 2:8-11). Polycarpos var en personlig vän med Ignatius och även han dog martyrdöden i Colosseum liksom Ignatius. Polycarpos hade en trogen lärljunge som heter Irenaeus. Han vederlade gnostikerna genom att säga:

“Men are possessed with free will, and endowed with the faculty of making a choice. It is not true, therefore, that some are by nature good, and others bad.” (Against Heresies, Book IV, Chapter XXXVII)

“Man is endowed with the faculty of distinguishing good and evil; so that, without compulsion, he has the power, by his own will and choice, to perform God’s commandments.” (Against Heresies, Book IV, Chapter XXXIX)

“Man is possessed of free will from the beginning, and God is possessed of free will (in whom likeness man was created)”. Irenaeus (A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs by David Bercot, p. 287, Published by Hendrickson Publishers)

“This expression, ‘How often would I have gathered thy children together, and thou wouldst not,’ set forth the ancient law of human liberty, because God made man a free agent from the beginning, possessing his own soul to obey the behests of God voluntarily, and not by compulsion of God.” (The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume One, Published by BRCCD, p. 1117)

“Forasmuch as all men are of the same nature, having power to hold and to do that which is good, and having power again to lose it, and not to do what is right; before men of sense, (and how much more before God!) some are justly accused, and receive condign punishment, because they refuse what is just and right”. Och “Those who do not do it [good] will receive the just judgment of God, because they had not worked good when they had it in their power to do so. But if some had been made by nature bad, and others good, these latter would not be deserving of praise for being good, for they were created that way, nor would the former be reprehensible, for that is how they were made. However, all men are of the same nature. They are all able to hold fast and to go what is good. On the other hand, they have the power to cast good from them and not to do it”.

 JUSTIN MARTYREN

Justin Martyren var en evangelist och arbetade intensivt för Herren tills han också dog martyrdöden i Rom.

“We have learned from the prophets, and we hold it to be true, that punishment, chastisement, and rewards are rendered according to the merit of each man’s actions. Otherwise, if all things happen by fate, then nothing is our own power. For if it is predestined that one man be good and another man evil, then the first is not deserving of praise and the other to be blamed. Unless humans have the power of avoiding evil and choosing good by free choice, they are not accountable for their actions ‘whatever they may be’ for neither would a man be worthy of praise if he did not himself choose the good, but was merely created for that end. Likewise, if a man were created evil, he would not deserve punishment, since he was not evil of himself, being unable to do anything else than what he was made for.” Justin Martyr (First Apology Chap. 43)

 TERTULLIANUS

Tertullianus var en annan kyrkoledare och apologist och är känd för sin textskrivarproduktivitet.

“No reward can be justly bestowed, no punishment can be justly inflicted, upon him who is good or bad by necessity, and not by his own choice.”  Tertullian (Doctrine of the Will by Asa Mahan, p. 61, Published by Truth in Heart)

METODIUS

Metodius var en kristen martyr som levde nära slutet av trehundratalet.

 “Those [pagans] who decide that man does not have free will, but say that he is governed by the unavoidable necessities of fate, are guilty of impiety toward God Himself, making Him out to be the cause and author of human evils.” Methodius (The Banquet of the Ten Virgins discourse 8, chap. 16)

“The Divine Being is not by nature implicated in evils. Therefore our birth is not the cause of these things”. Methodius (The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume Six, Published by BRCCD, p. 696)

“possessing free will, and not by nature evil” Methodius (The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume Six, Published by BRCCD, p 698)

“There is nothing evil by nature, but it is by use that evil things become such. So I say, says he, that man was made with free-will, not as if there were already evil in existence, which he had the power of choosing if he wished, but on account of his capacity of obeying or disobeying God. For this was the meaning of the gift of free will? and this alone is evil, namely, disobedience”. Methodius (The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume Six, Published by BRCCD, p. 746)

“God did not make evil, nor is He at all in any way the author of evil; but whatever failed to keep the law, which He in all justice ordained, after being made by Him with the faculty of free-will, for the purpose of guarding and keeping it, is called evil. Now it is the gravest fault to disobey God, by overstepping the bounds of that righteousness which is consistent with free-will”. Methodius (The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume Six, Published by BRCCD, p. 750)

EUSEBIUSIUS

Eusebiusius var en biskop och anses vara “Kyrkohistoriens Fader” pga sina många texter om densamma. Han skrev: “On the Life of Pamphilus”, “Chronicle of Universal History”, och “On the Martyrs”.

“The Creator of all things has impressed a natural law upon the soul of every man, as an assistant and ally in his conduct, pointing out to him the right way by this law; but, by the free liberty with which he is endowed, making the choice of what is best worthy of praise and acceptance, because he has acted rightly, not by force, but from his own free-will, when he had it in his power to act otherwise, As, again, making him who chooses what is worst, deserving of blame and punishment, as having by his own motion neglected the natural law, and becoming the origin and fountain of wickedness, and misusing himself, not from any extraneous necessity, but from free will and judgment. The fault is in him who chooses, not in God. For God is has not made nature or the substance of the soul bad; for he who is good can make nothing but what is good. Everything is good which is according to nature. Every rational soul has naturally a good free-will, formed for the choice of what is good. But when a man acts wrongly, nature is not to be blamed; for what is wrong, takes place not according to nature, but contrary to nature, it being the work of choice, and not of nature!” Eusebius (The Christian Examiner, Volume One, Published by James Miller, 1824 Edition, p. 66)

“The devil in his oracles hangs all things upon fate, and taking away that which is in our power, and arises from self-motion of free will? brings this also into bondage to necessity” Eusebius (The Cause of God and Truth by John Gill, 1838 Edition, p. 502)

Episcopius

“What is plainer than that the ancient divines, for three hundred years after Christ, those at least who flourished before St. Augustine, maintained the liberty of our will, or an indifference to two contrary things, free from all internal and external necessity!” Episcopius (An Equal Check to Pharisaism and Antinomianism by John Fletcher, Volume Two, p. 209, Published by Carlton & Porter)

Pelagius, som är historiskt känd för att ha lärt ut fri vilja under samma tid som Augustinus levde, var i harmoni med urkyrkan med sin åsikt.

“In all there is free-will equally by nature”. 

Origen

“The Scriptures emphasize the freedom of the will. They condemn those who sin, and approve those who do right. We are responsible for being bad and worthy of being cast outside. For it is not the nature in us that is the cause of the evil; rather, it is the voluntary choice that works evil”. Han sade också “the heretics introduce the doctrine of different natures”. Origen (A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs by David Bercot, p. 289, Published by Hendrickson Publishers)

“the heretics introduce the doctrine of different natures.” Origen (A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs by David Bercot, p. 291, Published by Hendrickson Publishers)

Augustinus bön till Maria:

“Blessed Virgin Mary, who can worthily repay you with praise and thanksgiving for having rescued a fallen world by your generous consent? What songs of praise can our weak human nature offer in your honor, since it was through you that it has found the way to salvation? Accept then such poor thanks as we have to offer, unequal though they be to your merits. Receive our gratitude and obtain by your prayers the pardon of our sins. Take our prayers into the sanctuary of heaven and enable them to bring about our peace with God. May the sins we penitently bring before Almighty God through you be pardoned. May what we beg with confidence be granted through you. Take our offerings and grant our request; obtain pardon for what we fear, for you are the only hope of sinners. We hope to obtain the forgiveness of our sins through you. Blessed Lady, in you is our hope of reward. Holy Mary, help the miserable, strengthen the discouraged, comfort the sorrowful, pray for your people, plead for the clergy, intercede for all women consecrated to God. May all who venerate you, feel now your help and protection. Be ready to help us when we pray, and bring back to us the answers to our prayers. Make it your continual care to pray for the People of God, for you were blessed by God and were made worthy to bear the Redeemer of the world, Who lives and reigns forever.” (Saint Augustine year 430 Dictionary of Mary Catholic Book Publishing Co.: New Jersey, 1997, 1985, p. 531.)

(Denna artikel är till vissa delar översatt från en artikel av Jesse Morell, från boken “The Natural Ability of Man: A Study On Free Will & Human Nature”. Där kan man läsa fotnoter till citaten jag nämnde ovan, och du kan även läsa artikeln och fotnoter i länken: http://openairoutreach.wordpress.com/2011/04/04/did-augustine-corrupt-the-church-with-gnostic-doctrine/)

Guds vrede drabbade inte Jesus på korset, och vi kan fortfarande drabbas av den

Vår Fader har ingen anledning att låta sin son drabbas av något vredesutbrott, och framför allt inget som VI orsakat. Guds vrede drabbar oss fortfarande om vi är olydiga, och det gäller även vi som är födda på nytt.

Matt. 3:7 Men när han såg att många fariseer och sadduceer kom för att bli döpta av honom, sade han till dem: “Ni huggormsyngel, vem har fått er att tro att ni kan fly undan den kommande vredesdomen?

Joh. 3:36 Den som tror på Sonen har evigt liv. Den som inte lyder Sonen skall inte se livet, utan Guds vrede blir kvar över honom.”

Rom. 2:Menar du att du skall komma undan Guds dom, du människa, när du dömer dem som handlar så, och själv gör på samma sätt? Genom ditt hårda och obotfärdiga hjärta samlar du på dig vrede till vredens dag, när Guds rättfärdiga dom uppenbaras.Han skall ge var och en efter hans gärningar: evigt liv åt dem som uthålligt gör det goda och söker härlighet, ära och odödlighet, men vrede och dom åt dem som söker sitt eget och inte lyder sanningen utan orättfärdigheten. 

Rom. 1:18 Guds vrede uppenbaras från himlen över all ogudaktighet och orättfärdighet hos människor som i orättfärdighet undertrycker sanningen.

Rom. 3:Men om vår orättfärdighet visar Guds rättfärdighet, vad skall vi då säga? Inte kan väl Gud, som straffar i sin vrede, vara orättfärdig – jag talar som människor tänker? 

När vi erkänner våra synder och omvänder oss så blir vi frälsta från vredesdomen, men det är inte ovillkorligt. Löftet gäller så länge som vi fortsätter att hålla oss rena och vandrar i rättfärdighet.

Rom. 4:15 Lagen åstadkommer ju vrede. Men där ingen lag finns, där finns inte heller någon överträdelse

Rom. 5:9 När vi nu står som rättfärdiga genom hans blod, hur mycket säkrare skall vi då inte genom honom bli frälsta från vredesdomen.

Rom. 9:22 Men om nu Gud, fastän han ville visa sin vrede och göra sin makt känd, ändå med stort tålamod hade haft fördrag med vredens kärl, som var färdiga att förstöras, vad har du då att säga?

När vi tar för vana att lyda köttet i stället för anden så blir vi till slut “olydnadens barn”. 

Ef. 2:3 Bland dem var vi alla en gång, när vi följde våra syndiga begär och gjorde vad köttet och sinnet ville. Av naturen var vi vredens barn, vi liksom de andra.

Ef. 5:6 Låt ingen bedra er med tomt prat. Allt sådant nedkallar Guds vrede över olydnadens barn.

Kol. 3:Döda därför era begär som hör jorden till: otukt, orenhet, lidelse, lusta, och girigheten som är avgudadyrkan.6 Allt sådant nedkallar Guds vrede över olydnadens barn

1 Tess. 5:Låt oss därför inte sova som de andra utan hålla oss vakna och nyktra.Ty de som sover, de sover om natten, och de som berusar sig är berusade om natten.Men vi som hör dagen till, låt oss vara nyktra, iförda tron och kärleken som pansar och hoppet om frälsning som hjälm. 9 Ty Gud har inte bestämt oss till att drabbas av vredesdomen utan till att vinna frälsning genom vår Herre Jesus Kristus.

Hebreerbrevet talar om Guds vila, och trots att Gud först räddade sitt folk från Egypten så klarade sig inte alla till det förlovade landet eftersom de var olydiga. Guds vrede drabbade dem, och likadant kan det gå för oss om vi inte är lydiga och vandrar i rättfärdighet.

Hebr. 3:Därför säger den helige Ande:I dag, om ni hör hans röst,8  så förhärda inte era hjärtan, som när era fäder väckte min förbittring på frestelsens dag i öknen. Där frestade de mig och satte mig på prov, fastän de såg mina gärningar under fyrtio år. 10 Därför blev jag vred på detta släkte och sade:Alltid far de vilse i sina hjärtan. De vill inte veta av mina vägar. 11 Då svor jag i min vrede: De skall aldrig komma in i min vila.

Hebr. 4: 1  Låt oss därför med fruktan se till att ingen av er visar sig bli efter på vägen, när nu ett löfte att komma in i hans vila står kvar. Ty evangeliet har predikats för oss liksom för dem. Men för dem blev ordet som de hörde inte till någon nytta, eftersom det inte genom tron hade smält samman med dem som hörde det. Det är vi som tror som går in i vilan. Herren säger: Då svor jag i min vrede: De skall aldrig komma in i min vila och det fastän hans verk stod färdiga sedan världens grund blev lagd.

De sista dagarna blir det svårt för de som vänt Gud ryggen och vägrar att omvända sig.

Upp 6:16 och de sade till bergen och klipporna: “Fall över oss och göm oss för hans ansikte som sitter på tronen och för Lammets vrede.

Slutligen liknelsen om himmelriket i Matt. 18. Lägg märke till att Kungen först förlåter sin tjänare (stryker hans skuld) men sedan drabbas tjänaren av HANS VREDE i alla fall, på grund av sina dåliga gärningar och att han vägrade att förlåta en annan människa.

Matt. 18: 23 Därför är himmelriket likt en kung som ville ha redovisning av sina tjänare. 24 När han började granskningen, förde man fram till honom en som var skyldig tio tusen talenter.[d] 25 Eftersom han inte kunde betala, befallde hans herre att han och hans hustru och barn och allt vad han ägde skulle säljas och skulden betalas. 26 Tjänaren föll ner för honom och bad: Ha tålamod med mig, så skall jag betala dig alltsammans. 27 Då förbarmade sig tjänarens herre över honom och gav honom fri och efterskänkte hans skuld.28 Men när tjänaren kom ut, träffade han en av sina medtjänare, som var skyldig honom hundra denarer. Han tog fast honom och ville strypa honom och sade: Betala, vad du är skyldig! 29 Hans medtjänare föll då ner och bad honom: Ha tålamod med mig, så skall jag betala dig. 30 Men han gick inte med på det utan gick och lät sätta honom i fängelse, tills han hade betalat vad han var skyldig. 31 När hans medtjänare såg vad som hände, blev de mycket upprörda och gick och talade om alltsammans för sin herre. 32 Då kallade hans herre honom till sig och sade: Du onde tjänare! Hela skulden efterskänkte jag dig, därför att du bad mig. 33 Borde inte du också ha förbarmat dig över din medtjänare, liksom jag förbarmade mig över dig? 34 Och i sin vrede överlämnade hans herre honom till fångvaktarna, tills han hade betalt allt vad han var skyldig35 Så skall också min himmelske Fader göra med er, om ni inte var och en av hjärtat förlåter sin broder.”